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不同種植模式麥田水資源利用率及邊際效益分析
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Different Planting Patterns on Water Use Efficiency and Marginal Profits of Winter Wheat
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    摘要:

    選用山東省當(dāng)前推廣面積較大的“20+40”大小行、“20+40”溝播、“20+40”壟作以及常規(guī)等行距模式,研究不同種植模式對(duì)冬小麥農(nóng)田水資源利用效率和邊際效益的影響,。結(jié)果表明,等行距,、大小行,、溝播和壟作種植模式的最大產(chǎn)量分別為7778.6,、7624.8,、8684.6和8893.7kg/hm2,,表明溝播和壟作都具有提高冬小麥產(chǎn)量的潛力,但在獲得最大產(chǎn)量時(shí),,壟作的蒸散量比溝播提高了76.6mm,。溝播和壟作的最大水分利用效率均低于等行距和大小行,但溝播的最大水分利用效率在產(chǎn)量和蒸散量分別為7858.8kg/hm2和407.5mm時(shí)獲得,,均顯著高于其余3種種植模式,。綜合考慮各種種植模式的水資源利用效率和邊際效益,,以灌拔節(jié)和抽穗水條件下溝播的凈收益最高,其產(chǎn)量為8186.3kg/hm2,,灌溉量為120mm,蒸散量為423.5mm,,水分利用效率為19.3kg/(hm2?mm),。表明在虧缺灌溉條件下,溝播是最適合在山東省推廣的冬小麥節(jié)水種植模式,。

    Abstract:

    In Shandong Province, water shortage is the most important problem for winter wheat production. Four planting patterns, i.e., uniform row, “20+40” wide-narrow row, “20+40” furrow planting, and “20+40” bed planting patterns which were widely used in Shandong Province were selected for the experiment to study the effect of planting patterns on water use efficiency (WUE) and marginal profits of winter wheat. The results indicated that the max yield of uniform row, wide-narrow row, furrow planting and bed planting were 7778.6, 7624.8, 8684.6 and 8893.7kg/hm2 respectively. But, if get the max yield, evapotranspiration of bed planting pattern was higher than that of furrow planting pattern by 76.6 mm. The max WUE of furrow planting was lower than those of uniform row and wide-narrow row planting, so did bed planting. But if get the max WUE yield and evapotranspiration of furrow planting pattern was 7858.8 kg/hm2 and 407.5mm respectively, they were all significantly higher than those of uniform row, wide-narrow row and bed planting patterns. Take the water resource use efficiency and marginal profits as a whole, furrow planting pattern irrigated at jointing and heating growth stages could get the highest netincome, under these conditions, yield was 8186.3kg/hm2, irrigation amount was 120mm, evapotranspiration was 423.5mm, and WUE was 19.3kg/(hm2?mm). The experiment showed that under water deficit, furrow planting was the most appropriate planting patterns in Shandong Province. 

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李全起,陳雨海,周勛波,余松烈.不同種植模式麥田水資源利用率及邊際效益分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2010,41(7):90-95. Different Planting Patterns on Water Use Efficiency and Marginal Profits of Winter Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(7):90-95.

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