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微藻生物燃油開發(fā)的下游加工技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(21266022),、國際科技合作計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2010DFB63750)、國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)資助項(xiàng)目(2012AA021704、2012AA101800),、江西省科技戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(2013AFC30044),、江西省教育廳科技落地計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(KJLD12011),、江西省科技重大專項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目(2012ABG04103)和食品科學(xué)與技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室專項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目(SKLF-ZZB-201312)


Development of Downstream Processing Technology for Microalgae Biofuel
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    摘要:

    全生命周期評價(jià)認(rèn)為沿用微藻生物質(zhì)干燥,、破壁、提油,、轉(zhuǎn)酯化工藝制備的生物柴油,,其能量凈產(chǎn)出為負(fù)值。把高含水率的微藻生物質(zhì)通過厭氧發(fā)酵制備甲烷,、制氫或者用于燃料乙醇的生產(chǎn),,被認(rèn)為是目前可以獲得正能量輸出的可行方法,其中包含沼液中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的循環(huán)利用,。通過超臨界水熱裂解方法制備合成氣,、生物燃油或微藻生物質(zhì)經(jīng)過干燥后采用常規(guī)熱裂解、微波輔助熱裂解等方法制備生物燃油均被廣泛試驗(yàn),,盡管所收集得到的藻類生物燃油高熱值高于木質(zhì)纖維素類裂解所生產(chǎn)的生物燃油,,但是其含氮量、含氧量,、穩(wěn)定性都仍不符合液態(tài)燃料的要求,。亞臨界水處理高含水率微藻生物質(zhì)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)低能耗脫水、提油,、脫氮,、多糖分離提取、藻油原位轉(zhuǎn)化生物柴油等多重目的,,是近期內(nèi)最可能取得突破的微藻生物燃油下游加工技術(shù),。微藻生物質(zhì)濕法酶解提油的反應(yīng)條件比亞臨界水處理方法更溫和,可以很好地分離油脂,、細(xì)胞色素,、蛋白質(zhì)以及多糖等微藻組分,實(shí)現(xiàn)高附加值的綜合利用,,是未來微藻生物質(zhì)高效綜合利用最有前途和最具挑戰(zhàn)性的研發(fā)方向,;而微藻油脂或其脂肪酸皂化物微波極化脫羧成烴技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化研究是微藻生物燃油開發(fā)邁向成功的關(guān)鍵所在。

    Abstract:

    Life cycle assessment of biodiesel produced from microalgae showed that the pure energy output was negative by the route of biodiesel (FAME), if the biodiesel was produced from high moisture content microalgae slurry by dry, cell disruption, solvent extraction of lipids, and transesterification. Therefore, passive choices are that mathane or bioethanol is obtained by anerobic digestion of microalgae slurry or their hydrolysate, or microalgae based bio-oils are obtained by fast pyrolysis and microwave assisted pyrolysis of dried microalgae biomass, or microalgae based bio-oils or syngas by hydrothermal treatment of microalgae slurry. Although the high heating value(HHV)of microalgae based bio-oils are much higher than lignocellulosic bio-oils, it can still not meet the demand of transportation liquid fuel due to its high nitrogen content, high oxygen content and instability. Possessing superiority of dehydration, oil extraction, protein and polysaccharide separation, or even in situ biodiesel production from high moisture content microalgae slurry, subcritical water treatment may become the prior research field of downstream processing technology for microalgae biofuels today. The most challenging research field is to know how to extract lipids, separate cytochrome, protein, polysaccharide from high moisture content microalgae slurry simultaneously under very mild reaction condition of enzymolysis, so that most of the functional components of the microalgae will be saved for value added comprehensive utilization. Last and key technology that may guide microalgae fuel to commercialization is how to manufacture renewable and high quality hydrocarbon diesel effectively from microalgae oil or its soap by microwave polarization decarboxylation.

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劉玉環(huán),王應(yīng)寬,王允圃,楊 歡,巫小丹,阮榕生.微藻生物燃油開發(fā)的下游加工技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(3):158-167. Liu Yuhuan, Wang Yingkuan, Wang Yunpu, Yang Huan, Wu Xiaodan, Ruan Rongsheng. Development of Downstream Processing Technology for Microalgae Biofuel[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(3):158-167.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-11-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-02-10
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