Abstract:The object of this study was to seek a new way to detect the phosphorus levels of tomato rapidly. Taking the tomato grown under different phosphorus levels as the object of the research, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope) were adopted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus levels on micro-structure and ultra-structure of tomato leaf. The results showed that for the control treatment plant ,the thickness of leaf was (124±2.14) μm, the stomatal and trichome density was (233.0±5.5) mm-2 and (34.2±1.33) mm-2 respectively, the height of trichomes was (97.0±2.83) μm, and the size of the stoma was 13.91±0.85 μm. In comparison with the control treatment, the thickness of leave, the density of stomata, the density and the height of trichomes decreased significantly in response to low phosphorus levels, while the changes in stomata size were not significant. The size of stomata, the density of trichomes, the number of vascular bundle were increased in high phosphorus level plants, while the density of stomata, the length of trichomes did not change markedly. At the ultra-structural level, low phosphorus supplied cell contained chloroplast so that it had begun to lose their structural integrity, and high phosphorus supplied cell had thicker cell wall, but the structure did not change observably. Based on the results, a new method to detect phosphorus levels rapidly was proposed.