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果園雙擺彌霧施藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
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中國博士后科學(xué)基金資助項目(2012M521013),、江蘇省農(nóng)機三新工程資助項目(NJ2012—08),、鎮(zhèn)江市農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐計劃資助項目(NY2012029)和江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項目(PAPD)


Development of Orchard Symmetric Swing Mist Spraying System
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有果園施藥裝備體積與功耗過大、藥液浪費嚴(yán)重等問題,,設(shè)計了果園雙擺彌霧施藥系統(tǒng),。通過驅(qū)動布置方案和自由度分析,,設(shè)計了由直流電動機驅(qū)動的對稱雙曲柄機構(gòu)和驅(qū)動點與支點萬向節(jié)—滑軌多級運動副所構(gòu)成的平面—空間混合型機構(gòu),實現(xiàn)了雙彌霧機的擺動擴幅,。為方便操縱并避免藥液反流等現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,,設(shè)計了單片機自動控制系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了雙擺彌霧施藥系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜啟停動作流程的一鍵控制,。根據(jù)果園規(guī)格,,分別以車身尺寸最小為目標(biāo),以彌霧施藥對樹冠的有效覆蓋為約束條件,,通過非線性規(guī)劃確定了曲柄長度,、曲柄轉(zhuǎn)動中心高度、支點高度,、曲柄中心距,、支點中心距等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。進而根據(jù)果樹施藥量和彌霧均勻度要求,,以施藥作業(yè)效率最高為目標(biāo),,確定了系統(tǒng)行進速度和曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速。該施藥系統(tǒng)可實現(xiàn)彌霧半徑僅400mm小型彌霧機對高度1500~4300mm和橫向5500mm的樹冠范圍的有效覆蓋,,并有效保證果樹雙側(cè)彌霧噴施的均勻度和藥量條件,,作業(yè)效率可達2.33~2.67hm2/h,實現(xiàn)了果園機載施藥系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能節(jié)藥和小型化,,為果園植保提供了新型的施藥裝備,。

    Abstract:

    Present orchard spray equipment is much larger, and both power and pesticide consumption are much higher. To overcome the above deficiency, an orchard symmetric swing mist spraying system was developed. To expand the diameter of mist spraying, a planar-spatial hybrid mechanism was designed firstly by analyzing the configuration of driving point and fulcrum, and degree of freedom. The planar-spatial hybrid mechanism was driven by a DC motor, which consisted of a symmetrical double crank mechanism and different multi-degree joints at driving points and fulcrums to realize spatial swing motion of the two mist sprayers. To simplify the manipulation and avoid the backflow of pesticide, a MCU control system was designed to realize one-button start/stop operation of the complex action process of the symmetric swing mist spraying system. According to the orchard’s specification, the structural parameters, including the length of the crank, the height of crank center, height of fulcrum, distance of crank center and distance of fulcrum, were determined by nonlinear programming that took the minimization of machine size and the effective covering of canopy by mist spray as objective and constraint conditions, respectively. And then to achieve the highest efficiency of mist spraying under the constraints of both rate and uniformity of mist spraying, the optimal traveling speed of the machine and rotation speed of the crank were determined. This spraying system can guarantee the effective coverage of crowns within height of 1500~4300mm and 5500mm width with 400mm radius mini mist sprayer, and guarantee the uniformity and quantity for spray of mist spraying on both sides of the trees, whose working efficiency can reach 2.33~2.67hm2/h. It is an energy-saving, pesticide-saving and miniature mobile orchard spraying system and will be a better selection in the future for pest control in orchards.

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劉繼展,王芹,詹國祥,馮上海.果園雙擺彌霧施藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2014,45(12):109-116. Liu Jizhan, Wang Qin, Zhan Guoxiang, Feng Shanghai. Development of Orchard Symmetric Swing Mist Spraying System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):109-116.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-08-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-12-10
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