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CO2增施與養(yǎng)分交互作用對(duì)日光溫室番茄生長(zhǎng)的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31271619)


Interactive Effect of CO2 Enrichment and Nutrient on Growth of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse
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    摘要:

    以“中雜105”番茄為試驗(yàn)材料,,在日光溫室基質(zhì)栽培條件下研究了CO2增施濃度和養(yǎng)分水平對(duì)番茄生長(zhǎng)的影響,。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置4個(gè)CO2水平,,分別為不增施(C0),、(700±50)μmol/mol(C1),、(1000±50)μmol/mol(C2),、(1300±50)μmol/mol(C3),;以山崎番茄配方營(yíng)養(yǎng)液濃度1個(gè)劑量(S)為基準(zhǔn)設(shè)3個(gè)養(yǎng)分水平,,分別為1/2S(F1),、1S(F2),、2S(F3)。結(jié)果表明:在相同CO2處理?xiàng)l件下,,提高養(yǎng)分有利于番茄莖粗,、葉片SPAD值、植株干,、鮮質(zhì)量和第一穗果質(zhì)量的增加,,并使開(kāi)花日期提前;在相同養(yǎng)分處理?xiàng)l件下,,增施CO2可以顯著增加番茄的莖粗,、葉片SPAD值、植株干,、鮮質(zhì)量和第一穗果質(zhì)量,,顯著降低第一花序節(jié)位,并使開(kāi)花日期提前,;增施(1000±50)μmol/mol和(1300±50)μmol/mol的CO2可以顯著提高葉片中氮含量,。中低養(yǎng)分條件下,,增施(1000±50)μmol/mol CO2即可使番茄第一花序節(jié)位降低1.0個(gè)節(jié)位、開(kāi)花日期提早5~8d,,還使第一穗果質(zhì)量顯著高于對(duì)照,。高養(yǎng)分條件下,增施(1300±50)μmol/mol CO2的處理番茄第一花序節(jié)位最低,,比對(duì)照(C0F3)降低1.7個(gè)節(jié)位,,開(kāi)花日期最早,比對(duì)照提前10d,,第一穗果質(zhì)量最大,,比對(duì)照高出24.15%。番茄的第一花序節(jié)位,、開(kāi)花日期和第一穗果質(zhì)量對(duì)CO2響應(yīng)的程度依賴(lài)于養(yǎng)分水平,,高養(yǎng)分使這些指標(biāo)對(duì)CO2響應(yīng)的程度提高。綜合各項(xiàng)生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo),,C3F3處理番茄莖粗最大,、第一花序節(jié)位最低、開(kāi)花最早,,是最優(yōu)水平組合,。

    Abstract:

    Taking “Zhongza 105” tomato as tested material, the experiment focused on the effect of different CO2 enrichment concentrations and different nutrient supply intensities on the growth of tomato cultivated in substrate in solar greenhouse. This study set up 4 CO2 levels, including no enrichment (C0), (700±50)μmol/mol (C1), (1000±50) μmol/mol (C2), (1300±50)μmol/mol (C3) and 3 nutrient levels based on a dose (S) of Yamazaki tomato recipe nutrient solution concentration, including 1/2S (F1), 1S (F2), 2S (F3). The results indicated that stem diameter, SPAD value of leaves, fresh and dry weight of plants, nitrogen content of leaves and weight of the first spike fruit were increased significantly with increasing nutrient quantity at the same CO2 level, and blooming date was advanced. CO2 enrichment increased stem diameter, SPAD value of leaves, fresh and dry weight of plants and weight of the first spike fruit, but reduced the position of the first inflorescence and made blooming date ahead of time at the same nutrient. When the concentration of CO2 enrichment was (1000±50)μmol/mol or (1300±50)μmol/mol, the nitrogen content of leaves was elevated. The promoting effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth of tomato was associated with nutrient quantity, under low and moderate nutrient conditions, CO2 enrichment at (1000±50) μmol/mol was adequate for reducing the position of the first inflorescence of 1.0 compared with the control (C0F1 or C0F2), advancing the florescence for 5~8d and increasing the weight of the first spike fruit significantly. Under high nutrient condition, CO2 enrichment at (1300±50)μmol/mol made the position of the first inflorescence lowest, 1.7 lower than the control (C0F3), the florescence was the earliest, which was 10d earlier than the control, and the weight of the first spike fruit was the maximum, 24.15% higher than the control. The response of position of the first inflorescence, florescence and weight of the first spike fruit to CO2 enrichment depended strongly on the level of nutrient supply. High nutrient level improved the response of these indexes to CO2 enrichment. According to the entire growth index, C3F3 was the best combination of CO2 and nutrient, its stem diameter and weight of the first spike fruit were the maximum, position of the first inflorescence was the lowest and blooming date was the earliest.

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王紅玉,曲英華,周士力,熊 珺. CO2增施與養(yǎng)分交互作用對(duì)日光溫室番茄生長(zhǎng)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(S1):182-188. Wang Hongyu, Qu Yinghua, Zhou Shili, Xiong Jun. Interactive Effect of CO2 Enrichment and Nutrient on Growth of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(S1):182-188.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-07-29
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2014-11-15
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