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不同類型地膜覆蓋對(duì)土壤水熱與葵花生長(zhǎng)的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51349003、51469022),、“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2011BAD29B03),、內(nèi)蒙古高等學(xué)?!扒嗄昕萍加⒉胖С钟?jì)劃” 資助項(xiàng)目(NJYT—12—B10)和內(nèi)蒙古科技重大專項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目


Effects of Different Degradable Films Mulching on Soil Water Potential, Temperature and Sunflower Growth
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    摘要:

    通過(guò)設(shè)置普通塑料地膜,、A型生物地膜,、B型生物地膜,、液體地膜以及無(wú)膜覆蓋(CK)5個(gè)處理,,比較分析不同類型地膜覆蓋對(duì)土壤地溫、土壤基質(zhì)勢(shì)以及葵花生長(zhǎng)和產(chǎn)量的影響,。結(jié)果表明,,葵花生育前期(6—7月)普通塑料地膜和生物地膜覆蓋的地溫?zé)o顯著差異,而在生育后期特別是9月份普通塑料地膜處理的土壤表層(0~20cm)地溫明顯高于生物地膜覆蓋處理,,其中A型生物地膜覆蓋處理的地溫略高于B型生物地膜覆蓋處理,,而液體地膜覆蓋與無(wú)膜處理在全生育期地溫顯著低于普通塑料地膜和生物地膜覆蓋處理(p<0.05)。生物地膜覆蓋處理的保水效應(yīng)與普通塑料地膜覆蓋處理相近,,僅在作物生長(zhǎng)末期(9月底)生物地膜與普通塑料地膜覆蓋處理在0~20cm土層基質(zhì)勢(shì)差異達(dá)到顯著水平,,盡管液體地膜覆蓋與無(wú)膜處理相比有一定的保水效應(yīng),但差異不顯著,。生物地膜覆蓋下葵花株高,、葉面積指數(shù)以及收獲后的葉質(zhì)量、莖質(zhì)量,、花盤質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量與普通塑料地膜覆蓋處理均無(wú)顯著差異,,但都顯著優(yōu)于液體地膜覆蓋和無(wú)膜處理(p<0.05)。

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    With the large application of agricultural plastic film, the residual of plastic film was continuously increased in soil during the last few decades. The application of biodegradable film could solve the environmental pollution because of its totally degradable property. Agricultural film was specially required in arid and cold region, so it was very important to study and get the suitable degradable film for sustainable agricultural development. Five treatments including plastic film, biodegradable film (thickness 0.012mm), biodegradable film (thickness 0.008mm), liquid film and no film (CK) were used to compare the effects of different types of film on soil temperature, soil water potential, crop growth and yield. The results showed that there were no significant differences between plastic film and biodegradable film treatments during early crop growing period (June and July), whereas the soil temperature in 0~20cm soil layer for the treatments of biodegradable film was a little lower than plastic film treatment because of film’s degradation, especially for the treatment of biodegradable film of thickness 0.008mm during the end of crop growth. However, the soil temperatures of liquid film and no film treatments were obviously lower than plastic film treatment. The results for soil water potential among different treatments were similar, and it was very close between plastic film and biodegradable film treatments, but the maximum soil water potential was shown in 0~20cm soil layer during the end of September, and there was significant difference between plastic film and biodegradable film treatments (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between plastic film and biodegradable film treatments for the crop height, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter of leaf, stem, flower dish and yield. However, both of these two treatments were clearly better than liquid film and no film treatments. Thus, it was feasible to replace plastic film with biodegradable film for mulching in arid and cold region.

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李仙岳,彭遵原,史海濱,閆建文,王志超.不同類型地膜覆蓋對(duì)土壤水熱與葵花生長(zhǎng)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2015,46(2):97-103. Li Xianyue, Peng Zunyuan, Shi Haibin, Yan Jianwen, Wang Zhichao. Effects of Different Degradable Films Mulching on Soil Water Potential, Temperature and Sunflower Growth[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):97-103.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-11-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-02-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-02-10
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