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蘋果幼樹生理特性和水分生產率對水肥的響應研究
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國家高技術研究發(fā)展計劃（863計劃）資助項目(2011AA100504)和高等學校學科創(chuàng)新引智計劃（111計劃）資助項目（B12007）


Response of Physiological Properties and Crop Water Productivity of Young Apple Tree to Water and Fertilizer
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    摘要:

    為探明半干旱地區(qū)蘋果幼樹水肥精準管理模式,，研究了蘋果幼樹生理特性和水分生產率對不同水肥的響應機制,，試驗設置4個灌水水平，其灌水上下限分別為田間持水率的75%~85%（W1）,、65%~75%（W2）,、55%~65%（W3）、45%~55%（W4）和3個施肥水平（N—P2O5—K2O）,，即高肥：0.6—0.6—0.2g/kg干土（F1）,、中肥：0.4—0.4—0.2g/kg干土（F2）、低肥：0.2—0.2—0.2g/kg干土（F3）,。結果表明：蘋果葉片相對含水率和飽和含水率以及葉綠素SPAD值均可以反映土壤水分的虧缺狀況,；葉片脯氨酸含量最高和最低分別為F1W4和F3W1處理（F1W4比F3W1增加440.8%），丙二醛含量最高和最低分別為F3W4和F1W1處理（F3W4 比F1W1增加167%）,；葉片水分利用效率（WUE）最大值出現(xiàn)在F2W2處理,，與F1W1相比，其凈光合速率Pn,、蒸騰速率Tr,、氣孔導度Gs分別減小了18.8%、29.1%,、23.2%,，但WUE卻增加了14.2%；水分生產率（CWP）最大值也基本上出現(xiàn)在F2W2處理,，與F1W1相比,，雖然其干物質質量減少了5.2%，但耗水量卻減少了16.4%,，CWP增加了13.4%,；葉片水分利用效率在一定程度上能夠反映其水分生產率，F(xiàn)2W2處理為節(jié)水,、節(jié)肥的最佳水肥耦合模式,。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the accurate management mode of water and fertilizer supply for young apple tree in semi-arid region, the bucket cultivation experiment was conducted to study the response mechanism of physiological properties and crop water productivity of two-year-old young apple tree to different water and fertilizer treatments. The treatments consisted of four irrigation levels: 75%~85% (W1), 65%~75% (W2), 55%~65% (W3) and 45%~55% (W4) of field capacity, and three fertilization (N—P2O5—K2O) levels: 0.6—0.6—0.2 (F1), 0.4—0.4—0.2 (F2) and 0.2—0.2—0.2g/kg (F3) water-free soil. The results showed that relative and saturated water contents and SPAD value of young apple trees’ leaves all can reflect the deficit status of soil moisture. The highest and lowest proline were found in F1W4 and F3W1 treatments (that in F1W4 was increased by 440.8% compared with F3W1), and the highest and lowest malonaldehyde were found in F3W4 and F1W1 treatments (that in F3W4 was increased by 167% compared with F1W1), respectively. The highest water use efficiency of leaf (WUE) and crop water productivity (CWP) both appeared in the treatment of F2W2 of which the net photosynthetic rate Pn, transpiration rate Tr and stomatal conductance Gs were decreased by 18.8%, 29.1% and 23.2%, respectively, while WUE was increased by 14.2%, dry mass was decreased by 5.2%, water consumption was also decreased by 16.4% and CWP was increased by 13.4%. WUE can reflect the CWP to some degree and the treatment of F2W2 reached the best water and fertilizer coupling mode.

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周罕覓,張富倉,Roger Kjelgren,吳立峰,高明霞.蘋果幼樹生理特性和水分生產率對水肥的響應研究[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2015,46(4):77-87. Zhou Hanmi, Zhang Fucang, Roger Kjelgren, Wu Lifeng, Gao Mingxia. Response of Physiological Properties and Crop Water Productivity of Young Apple Tree to Water and Fertilizer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):77-87.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-01-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-04-10
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