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關(guān)中平原冬小麥臨界氮稀釋曲線和氮營養(yǎng)指數(shù)研究
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國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃(863計劃)資助項目(2013AA102904)和高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計劃(111計劃)資助項目(B12007)


Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Plain of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Plain
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    摘要:

    在整理分析關(guān)中平原7年氮肥大田試驗的基礎(chǔ)上,分析比較了不同氮肥處理下冬小麥的氮濃度稀釋曲線,,并構(gòu)建了關(guān)中平原主栽品種小偃22地上部生物量的臨界氮濃度稀釋曲線模型,。結(jié)果表明:不施氮、氮肥不足,、氮肥適宜和過量施氮4組處理的平均產(chǎn)量分別為4 263,、5 097、6 023,、6 203 kg/hm2,,氮肥不足處理顯著降低了小麥產(chǎn)量,過量施氮與氮肥適宜處理相比產(chǎn)量沒有顯著差異,。植株氮濃度均隨生物量增加而降低,,較高的施氮量導(dǎo)致較高的植株氮濃度。關(guān)中平原冬小麥臨界氮濃度與地上部最大生物量符合冪函數(shù)關(guān)系,。利用氮營養(yǎng)指數(shù)NNI(植株實際測定的氮濃度與臨界氮濃度的比值)和2010—2011年冬小麥季的獨(dú)立試驗資料對建立的臨界氮稀釋曲線進(jìn)行檢驗,,結(jié)果表明:不施氮、氮肥不足,、氮肥適宜和過量施氮4組處理的NNI值分別為0.70,、0.89、1.01和1.25,;關(guān)中平原各試驗地土壤肥力差異較大,,冬小麥適宜施氮量為75~180 kg/hm2,平均為137 kg/hm2。該研究建立的臨界氮稀釋模型的準(zhǔn)確性較高,,所得出的分析結(jié)果可靠,,可以用于診斷和調(diào)控冬小麥氮素營養(yǎng)。

    Abstract:

    The critical nitrogen concentration in plant was defined as the minimum nitrogen concentration required for maximum plant above-ground biomass. By collecting and analyzing seven-site-year field experiments with various nitrogen application rates according to certain criteria, the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve was constructed for the main winter wheat variety “Xiaoyan 22” in Guanzhong Plain. The relationship between maximum above-ground biomass and critical nitrogen concentration of winter wheat could be described by a negative power function. The nitrogen dilution curves affected by different nitrogen treatments were evaluated and compared. Results showed that increased nitrogen supply generally resulted in a greater nitrogen concentration. The winter wheat yield with zero, deficient, suitable and excess nitrogen were 4 263, 5 097, 6 023 and 6 203 kg/hm2, respectively. Nitrogen deficiency would reduce wheat yield, however, there was no significant difference between the yield of excessive and suitable nitrogen application treatments. The dilution curve was validated with independent experiment data (2010—2011) through nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), which was defined as the ratio of measured to critical nitrogen concentrations. The results showed that the NNI value with zero, deficit, suitable and excess nitrogen application treatments were 0.70, 0.89, 1.01 and 1.25, respectively. Wheat would get nutrition imbalance when nitrogen was used only as a base fertilizer and even reduce crop yield with excess nitrogen application. The suitable nitrogen application rate was 75~180 kg/hm2 (averagely 137 kg/hm2) for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain due to the variety of soil productivity. The critical nitrogen dilution curve could be used as a diagnostic tool to detect wheat nitrogen nutrition, and it also provides a key technical approach for guiding nitrogen fertilization practices and management in wheat production in Guanzhong Plain.

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李正鵬,馮浩,宋明丹.關(guān)中平原冬小麥臨界氮稀釋曲線和氮營養(yǎng)指數(shù)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2015,46(10):177-183,273. Li Zhengpeng, Feng Hao, Song Mingdan. Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Index of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Plain of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Plain[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):177-183,273.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-01-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-10-10
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