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土壤干縮裂縫幾何特征對入滲的影響
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國家自然科學基金資助項目(51179050)、江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學科建設工程資助項目(YS11001)和高等學校學科創(chuàng)新引智計劃(111計劃)資助項目(B12032)


Impacts of Desiccation Crack Geometric Characteristics on Infiltration in Soil
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    通過碘-淀粉染色示蹤試驗,,結合數(shù)字圖像處理技術,,分析了裂縫寬度、深度及表面裂縫面積率3個裂縫表征參數(shù)對土壤水分入滲的影響,。研究結果表明:大裂縫即實際寬度大于1.25 cm的裂縫,,其入滲深度超過45 cm,能夠促進土壤水分入滲,,為水分運移提供明顯的優(yōu)先通道,,隨著大裂縫寬度的增加,入滲深度在45~65 cm范圍內(nèi)變化,,沒有明顯的規(guī)律,,小裂縫對入滲的作用不明顯。裂縫深度較小時,,土壤水分可看作一維半無限均勻運動,,而深度較大的裂縫對入滲的影響顯著,,土壤水分運移表現(xiàn)出明顯的優(yōu)先流特征。表面裂縫面積率與濕潤的土體體積具有良好的正相關關系(r=0.95),,建立了一元回歸模型,,并提出以表面裂縫面積率作為裂縫對入滲影響程度的表征指標,面積率越大,,裂縫對入滲的作用越明顯,。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the influence of desiccation cracks on water infiltration patterns, iodine-starch staining experiments were carried out in cracked loamy clay soil. By application of the digital image processing technology and direct measurements, parameters including crack width, depth and area ratio of surface cracks were computed and employed to analyze the infiltration distribution influenced by crack geometric characteristics. The results showed that macro cracks whose width exceeded 1.25 cm could visibly accelerate water infiltration and provide obvious preferential pathways for water movement. Infiltration depths under macro cracks varied from 45 cm to 65 cm and there was no evident change in infiltration depth when the crack width increased, whereas micro cracks posed little effects on water infiltration. Water infiltration could be regarded as one dimensional semi-infinite homogeneous movement when cracks were narrow and shallow. On the contrary, deep cracks had significant impacts on infiltration, and obvious preferential features were observed around the macro cracks in soil. The results also revealed that area ratio of surface cracks was positively associated with the volume of wet soil (r=0.95), and a quantitative approach was proposed to assess the influence of soil cracks on water infiltration.

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張展羽,陳于,孔莉莉,王策,李文杰.土壤干縮裂縫幾何特征對入滲的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2015,46(10):192-197. Zhang Zhanyu, Chen Yu, Kong Lili, Wang Ce, Li Wenjie. Impacts of Desiccation Crack Geometric Characteristics on Infiltration in Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):192-197.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-02-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-10-10
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