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我國糧食虛擬水流動對水資源和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的影響
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2011BAD29B09)


Impact of Virtual Water Flows of Grain on Water Resources and Regional Economy in China
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    摘要:

    虛擬水流動是虛擬水形態(tài)的水資源在地理空間上的再分配,,對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟和水資源具有重要影響,。以省級行政區(qū)為單元,計算了2010年我國糧食生產(chǎn),、消費,、調(diào)運及生產(chǎn)用水和虛擬水流動情況,;選取節(jié)水量、水資源壓力指數(shù)和人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值3個指標,,定量研究了我國區(qū)域間糧食虛擬水流動對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟和水資源的影響,。結(jié)果表明:我國省級行政區(qū)之間糧食虛擬水流動量為1 138.1億m3,其中藍水為449.7億m3,,流動的主要規(guī)律是從水資源效率高的地區(qū)流向效率低的地區(qū),,從缺水地區(qū)流向豐水地區(qū),從經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達的地區(qū)流向經(jīng)濟相對發(fā)達的地區(qū),。相應地,,在國家尺度上,省級行政區(qū)之間的糧食虛擬水流動節(jié)水578.9億m3,,其中藍水為478.9億m3,;糧食虛擬水輸出使輸出省級行政區(qū)水資源壓力指數(shù)由1.61(假設(shè)輸出區(qū)糧食虛擬水輸出為0)上升到2.04;人均GDP由43 428元(假設(shè)生產(chǎn)調(diào)出糧食的水量全部轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣I(yè)用水)減少到31 776元,。提高農(nóng)業(yè)用水效率,,實施虛擬水補償,優(yōu)化作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)是解決我國區(qū)域虛擬水流動負面效應的關(guān)鍵措施,。

    Abstract:

    The virtual water flows could be seen as the spatial redistribution of water resources in virtual form, which have a significant influence on regional economy and water resources. The production, consumption, transfer of grain crops, water use and virtual water flows were calculated for different provinces of China in 2010. Then the effects of regional grain virtual water flows on regional economy and water resources were demonstrated by using water saving amount, water stress index and GDP per capita. The results showed that the volume of grain virtual water flows between different provinces of China was 113.81 Gm3 and the blue water was 44.97 Gm3. Most of the flows were from regions with relatively high water use efficiency to those with relatively low water use efficiency regions, from water-shortage regions to water-rich regions, from regions with low economic level to those with high economic level regions. As a result, about 57.89 Gm3 of water resources were saved due to regional grain virtual water flows and the value for blue water was 47.89 Gm3, the water stress index increased from 1.61 to 2.04 assuming the virtual water export was zero, and the GDP per capita decreased from 43 428 Yuan to 31 776 Yuan assuming that all of water resources used to produce the exported grain crops could be used for industrial production. The improvement of agricultural water use efficiency, the compensation for virtual water flows and the optimization of cropping pattern could be measures with great significance to alleviate the negative effects caused by regional virtual water flows of China.

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王玉寶,吳普特,孫世坤,操信春,劉靜.我國糧食虛擬水流動對水資源和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2015,46(10):208-215. Wang Yubao, Wu Pute, Sun Shikun, Cao Xinchun, Liu Jing. Impact of Virtual Water Flows of Grain on Water Resources and Regional Economy in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):208-215.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-06-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-10-10
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