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水肥耦合對棉花產(chǎn)量、收益及水分利用效率的效應(yīng)
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國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃(863計劃)資助項目(2011AA100504),、教育部高等學校學科創(chuàng)新引智計劃(111計劃)資助項目(B12007)和高等學校博士學科點專項科研基金資助項目(20130204110030)


Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Cotton Yield, Net Benefits and Water Use Efficiency
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    摘要:

    研究滴灌施肥條件下水肥耦合對棉花籽棉產(chǎn)量,、水分利用效率和凈收益的影響,,并運用多元二次回歸與歸一化及3種不同目標值組合方式相結(jié)合的方法,,探索滿足多目標綜合效益最大化的滴灌水肥用量,。采用田間試驗的方法,,于2012年和2013年棉花生長季,,設(shè)置5個N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O施肥水平150-60-30、200-80-40,、250-100-50,、300-120-60、350-140-70 kg/hm 2 (分別記為F 150 ,、F 200 ,、F 250 、F 300 ,、F 350 )和3個灌溉水平(60%ET C :W 1 ,、 80%ET C : W 2 、100%ET C :W 3 ,ET C 是作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量),。結(jié)果表明,,籽棉產(chǎn)量、水分利用效率和凈收益的水肥耦合效應(yīng)明顯,,60%ET C 灌水水平顯著抑制籽棉產(chǎn)量并降低凈收益,,100%ET C 灌水水平能夠顯著提高籽棉產(chǎn)量和凈收益, 但水分利用效率低于60%ET C 灌水水平,。2012年灌水量為100%ET C 且施肥量300-120-60 kg/hm 2 (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O) 時籽棉產(chǎn)量最高,,但凈收益并未增加,,2 a灌水量為100%ET C 且施肥量250-100-50 kg/hm 2 (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O)時的凈收益最高。二次回歸分析結(jié)果表明,,3種組合方式均可用于水肥多目標優(yōu)化,,其中乘法組合方式2 a水肥投入量差異更小且各目標值變化也更小,2012年灌水量92%ET C ,、施肥量278-111-56 kg/hm 2 (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O)以及2013年灌水量90%ET C ,、施肥量268-107-53 kg/hm 2 (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O)可作為籽棉產(chǎn)量、水分利用效率和凈收益綜合效益最大化的水肥管理策略,。

    Abstract:

    The coupling effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on seed cotton yield, water use efficiency and net benefits under drip fertigation were studied in the field of Shihezi during the growing seasons in 2012 and 2013. Multivariate quadratic regression and normalization as well as three different target combinations were used and the optimal water and fertilizer combination that maximized the multi-objective benefits was explored. There were five N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O fertilizer application rates (150- 60-30, 200-80-40, 250-100-50, 300-120-60, 350-140-70 kg/hm 2 ; denoted as F 150 , F 200 , F 250 , F 300 and F 350 , respectively) and three irrigation levels (W 1 : 60%ET C ; W 2 : 80%ET C ; W 3 : 100%ET C ; ET C represents crop evapotranspiration). The results showed that the coupling of water and fertilizer had significant effects on seed cotton yield, water use efficiency and net benefits. The treatment with low irrigation level (60%ET C ) significantly inhibited seed cotton yield and net benefits, while the treatment with high irrigation level (100%ET C ) significantly increased seed cotton yield and net benefits, but caused lower water use efficiency than that of the treatment with low irrigation level. The combination of irrigation with 100%ET C and fertilizer application rate of 300-120-60 kg/hm 2 (N-P 2 O 5-K 2O) in 2012 produced the highest seed cotton yield, but it did not increase the net benefits. Instead, the combination of irrigation with 100%ET C and fertilizer application rate of 250-100- 50 kg/hm 2 (N- P 2 O 5 - K 2O) produced the highest net benefits in 2012 and 2013. The quadratic regression analysis showed that the multiplication combination exhibited much smaller differences in water and fertilizer inputs in 2012 and 2013 than other combinations. The combination of irrigation with 92%ET C and fertilizer application rate of 278-111-56 kg/hm 2 (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O) in 2012, and the combination of irrigation with 90%ET C and fertilizer application rate of 268-107-53 kg/hm 2 (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O) in 2013 could maximize the overall multi-objective benefits of seed cotton yield, water use efficiency and net benefits. The results can provide new ideas for the multi-objective management of water and fertilizer in cotton fields under drip fertigation.

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吳立峰,張富倉,范軍亮,周罕覓,梁飛,高志建.水肥耦合對棉花產(chǎn)量,、收益及水分利用效率的效應(yīng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2015,46(12):164-172. Wu Lifeng, Zhang Fucang, Fan Junliang, Zhou Hanmi, Liang Fei, Gao Zhijian. Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Cotton Yield, Net Benefits and Water Use Efficiency[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):164-172.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-04-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-12-10
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