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集雨模式對農(nóng)田土壤水熱狀況與水分利用效率的影響
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項資助項目（201503105）和國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃（863計劃）資助項目（2011AA100504）


Effects of Different Rainwater Harvesting Patterns on Soil Hydrothermal Regimes and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize
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    摘要:

    基于2 a田間試驗數(shù)據(jù)，對比研究了不覆蓋（CK）、壟覆白膜溝不覆蓋（M1）,、壟不覆蓋溝覆秸稈（M2）、壟覆白膜溝覆秸稈（M3）和壟覆黑膜溝覆秸稈（M4）5種集雨模式對農(nóng)田土壤水熱狀況及夏玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響。結(jié)果表明,，壟溝覆蓋集雨措施可顯著提高土壤貯水量,、土壤含水率及土壤儲水虧缺補償度（ P <0.05），其中全程覆蓋處理（M3和M4）優(yōu)于單一覆蓋處理（M1和M2）,，壟覆黑膜處理（M4）優(yōu)于壟覆白膜處理（M3）,。黑色地膜較白色地膜可顯著降低膜下（除表層）土壤溫度（ P <0.05）；溝內(nèi)覆秸稈較溝內(nèi)無覆蓋可有效改善根層土壤溫度,。M4處理較優(yōu)的水熱條件可顯著提高玉米經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率（ P <0.05）,，其2 a平均籽粒產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率分別較處理CK提高30.90%和57.49%，是陜西關(guān)中地區(qū)合理有效的集雨模式,。

    Abstract:

    Two-year (2013 and 2014) field experiment was carried out to increase rainfall utilization efficiency and improve soil water availability for crops in arid area. A total of five treatments (CK: ridge-furrow planting without mulching over both ridge and furrow; M1: ridge-furrow planting with transparent film mulching over ridge only; M2: ridge-furrow planting with corn straw mulching over furrow only; M3: ridge-furrow planting with transparent film mulching over ridge and corn straw mulching over furrow; M4: ridge-furrow planting with black film mulching over ridge and corn straw mulching over furrow) were chosen to investigate the effects of different rainwater harvesting patterns on soil hydrothermal regimes, yield and water use efficiency of summer maize. The results showed that rainwater harvesting treatments could improve soil water storage, soil moisture content and compensation degree of soil water storage deficit significantly （ P <0.05). The treatments with mulching over both ridge and furrow (M3 and M4) were superior to the treatments with mulching either over ridge or over furrow (M1 and M2). And treatment M4 was better than treatment M3. Compared with transparent film mulching over ridge, black film mulching over ridge could reduce the temperature under film （ P <0.05 ). In contrast to no mulching over furrow, corn straw mulching over furrow could optimize the heat condition around roots. With improved soil water and temperature conditions, the treatment of ridge-furrow planting with black film mulching over ridge and corn straw mulching over furrow (M4) could increase yield and water use efficiency of summer maize to a great extent. Compared with CK, the average yield and water use efficiency of M4 in 2013 and 2014 were increased by 30.90% and 57.49%, respectively. In conclusion, treatment M4 was the appropriate rainwater harvesting pattern for summer maize cultivation in Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province. The results could provide valuable information for selecting efficient rainwater harvesting pattern in semi-arid regions of China.

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銀敏華,李援農(nóng),張?zhí)鞓?徐袁博,谷曉博,王星垚.集雨模式對農(nóng)田土壤水熱狀況與水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2015,46(12):194-203211. Yin Minhua, Li Yuannong, Zhang Tianle, Xu Yuanbo, Gu Xiaobo, Wang Xingyao. Effects of Different Rainwater Harvesting Patterns on Soil Hydrothermal Regimes and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):194-203211.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-05-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-12-10
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