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河套灌區(qū)覆蓋對(duì)鹽漬土壤養(yǎng)分遷移與分布的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51369018)、教育部留學(xué)回國(guó)人員科研啟動(dòng)基金項(xiàng)目(\[2013\]693)和“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011BAD29B03)


Effect of Mulching on Transfer and Distribution of Salinizated Soil Nutrient in Hetao Irrigation District
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    摘要:

    在河套灌區(qū)對(duì)鹽漬土壤覆蓋后進(jìn)行秋澆田間試驗(yàn),,研究不同覆蓋下秋澆,、凍融及玉米生育期3個(gè)階段的土壤養(yǎng)分含量變化規(guī)律,。試驗(yàn)設(shè)7個(gè)處理,,分別為秸稈覆蓋量1.2(F1.2),、0.9(F0.9),、0.6(F0.6),、0.3 kg/m 2 (F0.3)、玉米整稈覆蓋(YZ),、地膜覆蓋(DM),、未覆蓋(CK)。結(jié)果表明,,秋澆后地下水位較高,秋澆至凍融期間土壤水分與地下水具有補(bǔ)排關(guān)系,,土壤養(yǎng)分的轉(zhuǎn)化,、遷移同時(shí)發(fā)生,秋澆后至凍融期內(nèi)土壤養(yǎng)分的變化規(guī)律復(fù)雜,;地表覆蓋改變了土壤的水土環(huán)境,,不同處理間養(yǎng)分含量存在差異,,在試驗(yàn)期內(nèi)全效養(yǎng)分的變化幅度較小,速效養(yǎng)分變化幅度較大,;分析玉米播前耕層土壤供肥能力,,秸稈覆蓋處理的全氮、全磷含量小但供應(yīng)強(qiáng)度大,,春播時(shí)需補(bǔ)充氮肥,、磷肥,以保證作物的生長(zhǎng),。秸稈覆蓋處理的全鉀含量與鉀素供應(yīng)強(qiáng)度均高于CK,,與CK相比較,秸稈覆蓋使耕層土壤較好地滿足了玉米播種及后續(xù)生長(zhǎng)過程中的鉀肥需求,;相同施肥條件下,,經(jīng)過一年試驗(yàn)后,對(duì)于土壤耕層,,處理DM的全氮含量較試驗(yàn)前降低了0.10 g/kg,,其余處理變化幅度較小。各處理的全磷含量較試驗(yàn)前增加,。處理CK,、DM的全鉀含量較試驗(yàn)前增加,處理F1.2,、F0.9降低了全鉀含量,。處理YZ、F1.2和DM的堿解氮含量升高,,其余處理則降低,。各處理的速效鉀、速效磷含量均較試驗(yàn)前升高,。處理F1.2,、F0.9和CK的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較試驗(yàn)前增加,其余處理則降低,。

    Abstract:

    Field scale autumn irrigation experiments were conducted on the salinity soil in Hetao Irrigation District to study the variation of soil nutrient in autumn irrigation, freeze thawing and growth periods of maize with different mulching approaches. Seven treatments were contained as follows: mixed chopped maize straw mulching amount of 1.2 (F1.2), 0.9 (F0.9), 0.6 (F0.6) and 0.3 kg/m 2 (F0.3), as well as the whole maize straw (YZ) mulching, plastic film (DM) mulching, and no mulching (CK). Results showed that water table was high after autumn irrigation, soil water had a recharge and discharge relationship with groundwater during the autumn irrigation and freeze-thawing periods. The transfer and migration of soil nutrient occurred simultaneously. The changing law of soil nutrient was complex during the autumn irrigation and freeze-thawing periods. The soil surface mulching altered the water-soil environment of soil. The nutrient content had differences between treatments. The rangeability of whole effect nutrient was small during the experiment period. But the rangeability of available nutrient was large. Analyzing the feeder capability of surface soil before seeding stage of maize, it was showed that the treatment of straw mulching had small soil total N content but got huge supply intensity. It required nitrogen when the spring sowing happened. The treatment of straw mulching had small soil total P content but owned huge supply intensity. It needed phosphorus fertilizer for the spring sowing, which could ensure the growth of crops. Generally, the soil total K content and the potassium supply intensity of straw mulching treatments were higher than those of CK. Compared with CK, straw mulching made the surface soil be capable of satisfying the potassium fertilizer demand during the growth period. After the experiment period, the whole soil N content of DM in surface soil was decreased by 0.10 g/kg under the same fertilizer condition. The rangeability of other treatments was small. The soil total P content of each treatment was increased after experiment, and the soil total K contents of CK and DM were also increased, but the soil total K contents of F1.2 and F0.9 were decreased. The available N contents of YZ, F1.2 and DM were increased. The available K and P contents for each treatment were increased after experiment. The soil organic matter contents of F1.2, F0.9 and CK were increased after experiment, however, it was decreased for other treatments.

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梁建財(cái),李瑞平,史海濱,李禎,盧星航,步懷亮.河套灌區(qū)覆蓋對(duì)鹽漬土壤養(yǎng)分遷移與分布的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(2):113-121. Liang Jiancai, Li Ruiping, Shi Haibin, Li Zhen, Lu Xinghang, Bu Huailiang. Effect of Mulching on Transfer and Distribution of Salinizated Soil Nutrient in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(2):113-121.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-08-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-02-25
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