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降解膜覆蓋種植方式對(duì)夏玉米土壤養(yǎng)分和氮素利用的影響
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國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100504)


Effects of Biodegradable Film Mulching Planting Patterns on Soil Nutrient and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize
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    摘要:

    采用生物可降解地膜覆蓋,,設(shè)置平地全覆蓋(M1)、壟溝半覆蓋(M2),、連壟全覆蓋(M3)與傳統(tǒng)平地種植(CK)4種種植方式,,通過(guò)2013—2014年2年夏玉米大田試驗(yàn),分析降解膜覆蓋下不同種植方式對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分變化,、土壤硝態(tài)氮分布以及作物對(duì)養(yǎng)分吸收利用率的影響,。結(jié)果表明,與CK相比,,3種覆蓋種植方式均提高了表層0~50 cm土壤養(yǎng)分,,其中土壤速效磷、速效鉀,、堿解氮含量增加顯著,,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量呈下降趨勢(shì);不同處理下土壤0~200 cm平均硝態(tài)氮含量均在播種后20~60 d明顯減少,,且在不同時(shí)期硝態(tài)氮含量峰值隨著播種后天數(shù)的增加逐漸向下運(yùn)移,;M1、M2和M3處理的植株體內(nèi)氮素累積量與CK相比均有不同程度增加,,在播種后20~40 d累積量最多,。3種覆蓋處理2年氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力和氮素利用效率均顯著高于CK處理( P <0.05),其中,,M3氮素利用效率最高,,比M1、M2處理分別提高了49.30%、33.10%,。綜合而言,,覆蓋降解膜有利于改善作物生長(zhǎng)的水肥環(huán)境,促進(jìn)作物對(duì)氮素的有效吸收,,其中連壟全降解膜覆蓋種植方式(M3)在保護(hù)土壤環(huán)境、提高耕作層土壤養(yǎng)分以及促進(jìn)作物對(duì)養(yǎng)分的吸收利用效率等方面效果最佳,。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the effects of biodegradable film mulching cultivation on soil nutrient and nitrogen use efficiency, a two-year field experiment was carried out in 2013 and 2014 to determine and calculate nitrate nitrogen and other nutrient contents in soil, nitrogen contents and yields of summer maize, partial factor productivity (PFP) and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AE). Four treatments, including flat planting without mulching (CK), flat planting with biodegradable film mulching (M1), ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridge only (M2) and ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridges (M3), with three replicates were conducted. The results showed that nutrient content in 0~50 cm soil layer was increased under all mulching treatments compared with that under CK, especially available N, P and K contents were significantly increased. The reduction range of average nitrate nitrogen content in 0~200 cm soil layer reached the maximum at 20~60 d after sowing, and nitrate nitrogen peak value in different soil depths presented gradually downward migration trend with increment of the days after sowing. Summer maize nitrogen accumulation under M1, M2 and M3 were higher than that under CK, and achieved the greatest amount during 20~40 d after sowing. The PFP and AE under the three mulching treatments were significantly higher than that under CK ( P <0.05). The nitrogen use efficiency under M3 was greater than that under M1 and M2 and it was increased by 49.30% and 33.10%, respectively. Overall, it could be concluded that the treatment of ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching (M3) reached the best effect on promoting nutrient uptake and improving yield of summer maize in drought area.

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周昌明,李援農(nóng),谷曉博,銀敏華,趙璽.降解膜覆蓋種植方式對(duì)夏玉米土壤養(yǎng)分和氮素利用的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(2):133-142,112. Zhou Changming, Li Yuannong, Gu Xiaobo, Yin Minhua, Zhao Xi. Effects of Biodegradable Film Mulching Planting Patterns on Soil Nutrient and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(2):133-142,112.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-06-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-02-25
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