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接觸式超聲強(qiáng)化熱泵干燥蘋(píng)果片的干燥特性
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(U1404334),、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(201503239),、河南省高校青年骨干教師項(xiàng)目(2015GGJS-048),、河南省重大科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(121199110110)和河南省教育廳科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(14B550005)


Drying Characteristics of Apple Slices during Contact Ultrasound Reinforced Heat Pump Drying
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    摘要:

    為研究接觸式超聲對(duì)熱泵干燥的強(qiáng)化效應(yīng),,在熱泵干燥機(jī)內(nèi)安裝了一套超聲波裝置,,并以蘋(píng)果片為研究對(duì)象,,進(jìn)行接觸式超聲強(qiáng)化熱泵干燥試驗(yàn),,研究超聲波功率,、干燥溫度以及切片厚度對(duì)蘋(píng)果片干燥特性的影響,。結(jié)果表明:將物料放在超聲輻射盤(pán)上進(jìn)行熱泵干燥強(qiáng)化,,有利于加快物料內(nèi)部傳質(zhì)過(guò)程;隨著超聲功率和溫度的增加以及厚度的減小,,物料所需干燥時(shí)間逐漸縮短,,平均干燥速率逐漸增大;超聲對(duì)干燥速率的影響隨著物料含水率的降低而減弱,;在溫度較低及物料較薄時(shí),,接觸式超聲的強(qiáng)化效果較好,但其對(duì)干燥速率的影響隨著溫度升高及物料變厚而有所下降,;有效水分?jǐn)U散系數(shù)的數(shù)值范圍為1.333×10 -10 ~1.651×10 -9 m 2 /s,,且隨著超聲功率及溫度的升高而增大;經(jīng)過(guò)接觸式超聲處理的蘋(píng)果片,,其組織結(jié)構(gòu)中的孔洞明顯增多與擴(kuò)張,,在60 W超聲功率作用下還形成了較多微細(xì)孔洞,從而有利于物料內(nèi)部水分遷徙與擴(kuò)散,。將接觸式超聲技術(shù)用于熱泵干燥過(guò)程的強(qiáng)化,,可有效提高熱泵干燥速率,縮短物料干燥時(shí)間,。

    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the enhancing effect of contact ultrasound treatment on conventional heat pump drying, an ultrasound device was installed in the heat pump dryer, and contact ultrasound reinforced heat pump drying of apple slices was carried out to study the effects of ultrasound power, drying temperature and sample thickness on drying characteristics. The results showed that the internal mass transfer process of samples could be enhanced by putting samples on the ultrasound radiation board directly during heat pump drying. Drying time was shortened and drying rate was improved with the increases of ultrasound power and drying temperature and the decrease of sample thickness. The influence of ultrasound treatment on drying rate was decreased with the reduction of moisture content. Obviously strengthened effect of contact ultrasound on drying rate could be observed at low temperature and thin thickness, while it was reduced with the increases of drying temperature and thickness. The values of effective moisture diffusivity ( D eff ) ranged from 1.333×10 -10 m 2 /s to 1.651×10 -9 m 2 /s, and it was increased at high ultrasound power and drying temperature. After the contact ultrasound treatment, the numbers and sizes of the tiny holes inside apple slice were improved. With ultrasound power of 60 W, many micro-tunnels were even produced in the organizational structure of apple slices, which was also beneficial to enhance internal moisture diffusion. Therefore, contact ultrasound technology is an effective method to increase the drying rate of heat pump drying and shorten drying time obviously as well.

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劉云宏,苗帥,孫悅,李曉芳,王樂(lè)顏,朱文學(xué).接觸式超聲強(qiáng)化熱泵干燥蘋(píng)果片的干燥特性[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(2):228-236. Liu Yunhong, Miao Shuai, Sun Yue, Li Xiaofang, Wang Leyan, Zhu Wenxue. Drying Characteristics of Apple Slices during Contact Ultrasound Reinforced Heat Pump Drying[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(2):228-236.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-09-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-02-25
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