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噴桿噴霧機(jī)精確對(duì)靶施藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目 (51475278),、山東省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015YB201,、2015NJGG01),、山東科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014GNC112010)和“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAD08B01-2)


Design and Test of Smart-targeting Spraying System on Boom Sprayer
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    摘要:

    為減少大田施藥時(shí)農(nóng)藥浪費(fèi),,有效控制農(nóng)藥殘留污染,,針對(duì)植株行距,、株距較大的作物對(duì)行施藥的農(nóng)藝要求,,設(shè)計(jì)了噴桿噴霧精確對(duì)靶施藥系統(tǒng)并進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),。該系統(tǒng)以大田常用噴桿噴霧機(jī)為載體,,沿噴桿方向按一定間距布置對(duì)應(yīng)行和壟溝的超聲測(cè)距傳感器,,實(shí)時(shí)采集噴桿到植株冠層以及噴桿到壟溝底部的距離信號(hào);通過信號(hào)調(diào)幅消除由壟溝凹凸不平以及噴桿自身振動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的噪聲影響,。將調(diào)幅后的冠層高度信息依據(jù)植株株高,、冠層胸徑和冠層株高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差等特征進(jìn)行模式分析,從而識(shí)別靶標(biāo)位置實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)對(duì)靶,。以大田團(tuán)棵期煙草植株為對(duì)象,,在煙草植株的株高達(dá)到30cm左右,展開葉達(dá)15片左右時(shí)開展田間試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果表明:設(shè)計(jì)的精確對(duì)靶施藥系統(tǒng)在植株平均胸徑31cm,,株距比例39.2%的大田里,節(jié)省藥液30%左右,;在植株平均胸徑35cm,,株距比例31.6%的大田里,節(jié)省藥液20%左右,。因此,,此系統(tǒng)對(duì)大田植株間距在15cm以上的對(duì)靶施藥作業(yè)中具有較好的實(shí)用性。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce pesticide waste of pesticide spraying in the field and alleviate the pollution to the soil, a smarttargeting spraying system on boom sprayer was designed, aiming at satisfying the requirements of spraying for large row spacing and plant spacing. The system was mounted on the common spray boom spraying machine in field, and an ultrasonic ranging sensor, which was corresponding to row and furrow, was set according to a certain distance along spray bar direction. The distance between spray bar and canopy and the distance between spray bar and the bottom of furrow were measured in real time. The vibration noise generated by the uneven furrow and the boom vibration was eliminated by utilizing the signal amplitude modulation. According to the features such as plant height, canopy diameter and canopy height, etc., the amplitude modulated data was carried out in pattern analysis to recognize targets and realize smarttargeting. The equipment test was carried out on the tobacco plant in the field, which has 30cm plant height and 15piece leaves or so. The test results illustrate that, this smarttargeting spraying system has a valuable reference for the design of other target spraying systems. Comparing with continuous spray, the boom sprayer smarttargeting spraying system could save pesticides about 30% and 20% for the gap rate of 39.2% and 31.6%, respectively. Therefore, this smart-targeting spraying system is well performed in the target spraying operation in the fields where the plant space is beyond 15cm and could significantly improve the agricultural economic efficiency.

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劉雪美,李揚(yáng),李明,苑進(jìn),方乾增,侯加林.噴桿噴霧機(jī)精確對(duì)靶施藥系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(3):37-44. Liu Xuemei, Li Yang, Li Ming, Yuan Jin, Fang Qianzeng, Hou Jialin. Design and Test of Smart-targeting Spraying System on Boom Sprayer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):37-44.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-09-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-03-10
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