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基于兩段收獲的彈齒式花生撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51575367)和高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)科研基金項(xiàng)目(20122103110009)


Spring-finger Peanut Pickup Mechanism Based on Two-stage Harvest
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    摘要:

    為解決花生兩段式機(jī)械收獲過(guò)程中因花生撿拾裝置存在植株“壅堆”與“拋起”而造成掉果損失的問(wèn)題,結(jié)合相應(yīng)的花生收獲農(nóng)藝和植株物理機(jī)械特性,,針對(duì)滑道式彈齒滾筒式撿拾裝置,,根據(jù)彈齒在撿拾、舉升,、推送和空回4節(jié)拍中實(shí)現(xiàn)的理想擺動(dòng)姿態(tài)和運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,,以撿拾裝置護(hù)板半徑最小為主要目標(biāo),采用非支配排序遺傳算法NSGA-II進(jìn)行了彈齒、曲柄,、滑道和護(hù)板等多元件整體優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,,分析了彈齒、曲柄,、護(hù)板等構(gòu)件參數(shù)變化對(duì)目標(biāo)函數(shù)的影響,。根據(jù)4個(gè)工位中彈齒擺動(dòng)特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)凸輪滑道中心線軌跡方程,,運(yùn)用Matlab編程獲得滑道中心線軌跡,,并采用非均勻三次B樣條曲線對(duì)凸輪滑道輪廓線進(jìn)行平滑處理。通過(guò)ADAMS動(dòng)力學(xué)與運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真,,獲得撿拾過(guò)程中齒端運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,,通過(guò)分析確定了空回工位采用五次多項(xiàng)式過(guò)渡方式。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果制作彈齒滾筒式花生撿拾裝置,。通過(guò)樣機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn),、花生撿拾性能試驗(yàn)表明,新型彈齒式撿拾裝置用于花生撿拾過(guò)程中,,不存在植株“壅堆”與“拋起”問(wèn)題,;通過(guò)響應(yīng)面分析法及試驗(yàn),獲得撿拾裝置最優(yōu)工作參數(shù)為:前進(jìn)速度V為48.0m/min,,轉(zhuǎn)速N為53.1r/min,,離地高度H為-7.4mm。在花生植株含水率15%~17%的兩段收獲條件下,,花生植株撿拾率為98.9%,,掉果損失率為2.5%。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the loss of peanut caused by peanut plants stacking and throwing during two-stage peanut harvester working, a spring-finger cylinder pickup was designed by analyzing spring-finger swing and movement rule of a sliding spring-finger cylinder pickup in four processes of picking, lifting, pulling, and null swing with peanut harvest agronomic and plant physical and mechanical characteristics parameters, including spring-finger, crank, slide, shield, etc. which were optimized and designed optimally by NSGA-II for minimum shield radius. Equations of cam slide centerline locus were designed by using spring-finger swing characteristic. Cam slide centerline locus was obtained and smoothed by using Matlab and cubic non-uniform B-spline. The end displacement locus of the spring-finger was obtained by using ADAMS. The quintic polynomial was used in null swing station with spring-finger swing simulation analysis. The experiments of prototype working and collecting peanut plants indicate that, the phenomenon of peanut plants stacking and throwing was disappeared; the optimal working parameters of springfinger cylinder pickup were obtained by using response surface method: the forward speed was 48.0m/min, cylinder rotating speed was 53.1r/min, and height above around was -7.4mm. The collecting rate and the loss rate were 98.9% and 2.5% respectively under peanut plant moisture content of 15%~17% in two-stage harvest.

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許濤,沈永哲,高連興,張旭東,呂長(zhǎng)義,劉志俠.基于兩段收獲的彈齒式花生撿拾機(jī)構(gòu)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(3):90-97. Xu Tao, Shen Yongzhe, Gao Lianxing, Zhang Xudong, Lü Changyi, Liu Zhixia. Spring-finger Peanut Pickup Mechanism Based on Two-stage Harvest[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):90-97.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-11-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-03-10
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