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液態(tài)地膜覆蓋下種植方式對土壤水分和玉米生長的影響
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國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100504)


Effects of Cropping Patterns on Soil Moisture and Maize Growth under Liquid Film Mulching
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    摘要:

    于2013—2014年間采用大田試驗(yàn)方法,探討了平地?zé)o覆蓋種植(CK),、平地全液態(tài)地膜覆蓋種植(YM1)、壟覆液態(tài)地膜溝種植(YM2)及連壟全液態(tài)地膜覆蓋種植(YM3)4種種植方式對土壤水分變化和夏玉米產(chǎn)量的影響,。結(jié)果表明,不同覆蓋種植方式下,,2a土壤儲水量變化趨勢基本一致,,隨著播種后天數(shù)的增加呈現(xiàn)“先升高再降低,再升高再降低”的波浪起伏狀態(tài),;前期降水16.1mm后,,YM1、YM2,、YM3處理雨后土壤儲水量分別比CK對照高出1.23%,、4.29%、4.79%,,且差異顯著(P<0.05),,后期雨后儲水量均與CK無顯著差異;對土壤0~200cm總儲水量和耗水量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,YM1,、YM2、YM3處理收獲后2a平均儲水量分別較CK增加了2.74%,、2.87%,、9.79%,2a平均耗水量均比CK對照減少了1.26%,、2.03%,、8.17%,其中覆蓋YM3處理與CK對照差異顯著(P<0.05),。與CK對照相比,,覆蓋YM1、YM2和YM3處理2a平均增產(chǎn)1.88%,、11.32%,、21.96%,2a平均水分利用效率較CK對照提高3.17%,、13.51%,、32.67%,其中,,覆蓋處理YM3增產(chǎn)保水效果顯著(P<0.05),,處理YM1與CK無顯著差異。研究認(rèn)為,,液態(tài)地膜與連壟全覆蓋種植方式結(jié)合(YM3)更有利于發(fā)揮液態(tài)地膜的效果,,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)量的增加和水分利用效率的提高。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the environmental pollution caused by field plastic film residue and explore the effects of different cropping patterns under liquid film mulching on soil moisture and maize growth, the experiment with four planting patterns treatments, including flat planting without mulching (CK), flat planting with liquid film mulching (YM1), ridgefurrow planting with liquid film mulching over ridge only (YM2) and ridge-furrow planting with liquid film mulching over ridges (YM3), were carried out in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the change of soil moisture under different treatments was basically the same, which presented waving trend as rose firstly and then reduced with the increment of days after sowing. The soil water storages under YM1, YM2, YM3 treatments were significantly increased by 1.23%, 4.29%, 4.79%, respectively, compared with that under CK when the former period precipitation reached 16.1mm, but there was no significant difference among four treatments in soil water storage after rainfall during latter period. The average water storages under YM1, YM2, YM3 treatments were increased by 2.74%, 2.87%, 9.79% and the water consumptions were decreased by 1.26%, 2.03%, 8.17%, respectively, compared with those under CK, with significant difference only existed between YM3 and CK. Compared with CK, the yields of all mulching treatments were 1.88%, 11.32%, 21.96% higher, the average water use efficiencies were improved by 3.17%, 13.51% and 32.67%, respectively, and the yield increment and water use efficiency enhancement effects of YM2 and YM3 were significantly higher than those of CK. In conclusion, YM3 treatment was the best among all treatments in yield increase and water saving, and it could provide theoretical basis for the utilization of liquid film.

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周昌明,李援農(nóng),銀敏華,谷曉博,趙璽.液態(tài)地膜覆蓋下種植方式對土壤水分和玉米生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(4):49-58. Zhou Changming, Li Yuannong, Yin Minhua, Gu Xiaobo, Zhao Xi. Effects of Cropping Patterns on Soil Moisture and Maize Growth under Liquid Film Mulching[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):49-58.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-10-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-04-10
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