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壟溝集雨補灌對冬油菜根系、產(chǎn)量與水分利用效率的影響
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503105,、201503125)和國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃(863 計劃)項目(2011AA100504)


Effects of Ridge and Furrow Rain Harvesting Cultivation with Supplemental Irrigation on Root, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
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    摘要:

    為確定壟溝集雨栽培條件下冬油菜蕾薹期的適宜補灌量,,設(shè)置壟溝集雨雨養(yǎng)(T1)、壟溝集雨補灌60mm(T2)和120mm(T3)3個處理,,并設(shè)平作補灌120mm作為對照(CK),,通過2年田間試驗,系統(tǒng)地對比分析了不同補灌處理對冬油菜0~30cm和30~100cm土層的平均土壤含水率,、地上部干物質(zhì)量,、主根性狀和側(cè)根密度、產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成及水分利用效率的影響,。結(jié)果表明,,T2和T3處理不同時期0~30cm土層的平均土壤含水率,、花期和角果期地上部干物質(zhì)量均明顯高于T1和CK處理,T2和T3處理角果期的主根直徑和干質(zhì)量,、0~10cm和10~20cm側(cè)根密度顯著增加,,且T2和T3處理間不存在顯著差異。T2和T3處理能顯著增加油菜籽粒產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,,T2和T3處理2年平均分別比T1增產(chǎn)50.99%和58.15%,,比CK增產(chǎn)53.89%和61.19%;T2和T3處理2年平均水分利用效率比T1分別提高37.28%和25.98%,,比CK分別提高92.77%和76.90%。2年中T3處理均能獲得最高的籽粒產(chǎn)量,,但T3與T2處理間產(chǎn)量不存在顯著差異,,T3較T2僅增產(chǎn)4.74%,但T2比T3能夠減少灌水量60mm,,減少耗水量45.5mm,,水分利用效率提高8.97%。從節(jié)水和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度來看,,壟溝集雨種植并在蕾薹期補灌60mm(T2)為較優(yōu)的冬油菜栽培灌溉措施,。

    Abstract:

    Two-year (2012—2013 and 2013—2014) field experiments were conducted to determine the appropriate supplemental irrigation amount of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) at stem elongation stage with the ridge and furrow rain harvesting cultivation. Four treatments, including T1, T2, T3 (with supplemental irrigation amounts of 0, 60, 120mm under ridge and furrow rain harvesting cultivation, respectively) and CK (with supplemental irrigation amount of 120mm under flat planting cultivation) were set up to evaluate the effects of different supplemental irrigation amounts on soil moisture content at 0~30cm and 30~100cm soil depths, aboveground dry matter, taproot growth parameters, lateral root density, yield components and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter oilseed rape. The results showed that soil moisture contents at 0~30cm soil depth of T2 and T3 at different periods were obviously higher than those of T1 and CK. Aboveground dry matter at flowering stage and pod stage, taproot diameter and dry weight, lateral root density at 0~10cm and 10~20cm soil depths at pod stage of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those of T1 and CK, and no significant differences were found between T2 and T3. Compared with T1 and CK, seed yields of T2 and T3 in two years were increased by 50.99%, 58.15% and 53.89%, 61.19%, respectively, and WUE of T2 and T3 in two years were improved by 37.28%, 25.98% and 92.77%, 76.90%, respectively. T3 achieved the highest yield in both years, the average yield, crop evapotranspiration (ET) and WUE of which were 3235kg/hm2, 368mm, 0.89kg/m3, respectively. While the highest WUE with average value of 0.96kg/m3 was determined in T2, with average yield of 3089kg/hm2 and average ET of 322mm. Therefore, compared with T3, T2 could save irrigation amount by 60mm, increase WUE by 8.97%, and the yield was just reduced by 4.74%. From the perspective of saving water and increasing yield, T2 was recommended as an appropriate irrigation schedule and cultivation pattern for winter oilseed rape at stem elongation stage.

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谷曉博,李援農(nóng),周昌明,杜婭丹,任全茂,吳國軍.壟溝集雨補灌對冬油菜根系、產(chǎn)量與水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(4):90-98,112. Gu Xiaobo, Li Yuannong, Zhou Changming, Du Yadan, Ren Quanmao, Wu Guojun. Effects of Ridge and Furrow Rain Harvesting Cultivation with Supplemental Irrigation on Root, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):90-98,112.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-06-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-04-10
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