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調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)棉花根冠生長(zhǎng)關(guān)系的影響
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國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100509),、河南省科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(科技攻關(guān)—2015)、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目和河南商丘農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)國(guó)家野外科學(xué)觀測(cè)研究站觀測(cè)研究及數(shù)據(jù)信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目


Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth Relation of Root and Shoot in Cotton
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    摘要:

    以棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)為試驗(yàn)材料,,采用防雨棚下桶栽土培方法,,進(jìn)行調(diào)虧灌溉(Regulated deficit irrigation, RDI)對(duì)棉花根,、冠生長(zhǎng)的影響研究,。試驗(yàn)采用二因素隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),,設(shè)置4個(gè)水分調(diào)虧階段:苗期(I),、蕾期(II)、花鈴期(III)和吐絮期(IV),;每個(gè)調(diào)虧階段設(shè)置3個(gè)水分調(diào)虧度:輕度調(diào)虧(L),、中度調(diào)虧(M)和重度調(diào)虧(S),土壤相對(duì)含水率(占田間持水率的百分?jǐn)?shù))控制上,、下限分別為60%~65% FC(Field capacity),、50%~55% FC和40%~45% FC;另設(shè)全生育期保持適宜土壤水分處理作為對(duì)照(CK),,土壤相對(duì)含水率控制下限分別為60% FC(苗期),、60% FC(蕾期)、70% FC(花鈴期)和60% FC(吐絮期),。分別在水分調(diào)虧期間和復(fù)水后測(cè)定各處理根系參數(shù)和地上干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,RDI對(duì)植株根,、冠生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響因不同水分調(diào)虧階段和不同水分調(diào)虧度而異,。水分調(diào)虧不改變棉花根系生長(zhǎng)的原有總體趨勢(shì),但對(duì)根系生長(zhǎng)速率具有促進(jìn)作用,。棉花各生育階段的中度水分調(diào)虧(50%~60%FC)在調(diào)虧期間對(duì)根系生長(zhǎng)有明顯促進(jìn)效應(yīng)或維持較高的根質(zhì)量,,復(fù)水后有不同程度的根系補(bǔ)償生長(zhǎng)效應(yīng)或延緩根系衰亡作用,后期仍保持較高的根冠比(R/S),,因而是協(xié)調(diào)棉花根/冠關(guān)系的適宜水分調(diào)虧處理。RDI可以有效調(diào)控棉花根/冠生長(zhǎng)關(guān)系,。

    Abstract:

    The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on growth of roots and shoots of cotton plants were experimentally investigated during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 in pot-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Meimian 99B) under rainproof shelter condition in Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China, aiming at offering theoretical basis for the establishment of RDI model for water-saving, high yield, high quality and efficiency of cotton crops. A two-factor randomize-block design was applied. The first factor was different growth stages of water deficit, including seedling stage (I), budding stage (II), flowering and boll-setting stages (III) and boll-opening stage (IV). Another factor was different degrees of water deficit, which were three levels controlled by soil relative water content, including light deficit (L), moderate deficit (M) and severe deficit (S) at stages of I to IV, corresponding soil relative water content were controlled at 60%~65% FC (Field capacity), 50%~55% FC and 40%~45% FC, respectively. Totally 12 water deficit treatments with six replicates were designed and applied. Additionally, an appropriate irrigation treatment (with soil relative water content controlled at 60%~70% FC at seedling stage, 60%~70% FC at budding stage, 70%~80% FC at flowering and boll-setting stages and 60%~70% FC at boll-opening stage) during the whole growing season was designed as control (CK) with 24 replicates. Root system parameters, such as root dry weight, root weight density and total shoot dry matter weight were measured synchronously in all treatments during water stress period and after re-watering, respectively. The results indicated that there were differences in effects of RDI on growth of roots and shoots in cotton due to both phenological stages and degrees of water deficit. Although water deficit didn’t change the original trend of root growth in cotton, the growth rate of root was promoted. The growth of root was promoted significantly during moderate water deficit (50%~60% FC) at some growing stages, and there was a ‘super-compensation effect’ in root growth or the effect on delaying senescence of root after re-watering, and a higher ratio of root to shoot (R/S) was still retained at later stage of cotton growth. Therefore, it was indicated that moderate water deficit was suitable irrigation treatment for coordinating the relation of root and shoot growth of cotton. The results suggested that RDI should be adopted as an effective approach in regulating the growth of root and shoot in cotton plants.

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孟兆江,段愛旺,王曉森,高陽,申孝軍.調(diào)虧灌溉對(duì)棉花根冠生長(zhǎng)關(guān)系的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(4):99-104. Meng Zhaojiang, Duan Aiwang, Wang Xiaosen, Gao Yang, Shen Xiaojun. Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth Relation of Root and Shoot in Cotton[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):99-104.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-08-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-04-10
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