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施肥深度對冬油菜產(chǎn)量,、根系分布和養(yǎng)分吸收的影響
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201503105,、201503125)和國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863 計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100504)


Effects of Fertilization Depth on Yield, Root Distribution and Nutrient Uptake of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
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    摘要:

    為了確定冬油菜較優(yōu)的施肥深度,,通過2a桶栽試驗(yàn),,設(shè)置5個(gè)施肥深度:地表施肥和地下5,、10,、15、20cm施肥,,分別記為CK,、D5、D10,、D15和D20,并另設(shè)不施肥處理(F0),,研究不同施肥深度處理對冬油菜地上部干物質(zhì)量,、不同土層的主根干質(zhì)量和側(cè)根干質(zhì)量,、側(cè)根長、側(cè)根體積和側(cè)根表面積及冬油菜地上部植株的養(yǎng)分吸收情況和籽粒產(chǎn)量的影響,。結(jié)果表明,,D15處理在冬油菜花期能顯著增加5~20cm和20cm以下土層的主根干質(zhì)量以及主根總干質(zhì)量,而0~5cm土層的主根干質(zhì)量與CK和D5處理相比降低幅度不大,;D15處理在冬油菜苗期和花期10~20cm土層的側(cè)根干質(zhì)量,、側(cè)根長、側(cè)根體積和側(cè)根表面積均為最大,,且均顯著大于CK和D5處理,。在冬油菜花期和收獲時(shí)D15處理的地上部干物質(zhì)量及地上部植株的氮、磷,、鉀吸收量最大,,且D15處理的油菜籽粒產(chǎn)量及籽粒中的氮、磷,、鉀吸收量最大,,并顯著大于CK、D5和D10處理,;收獲時(shí),,2a D15處理地上部植株中的氮、磷,、鉀的平均吸收量與CK相比分別增加48.07%,、52.18%和62.96%,與D5相比分別增加25.75%,、30.19%和33.41%,,與D10相比分別增加10.59%、15.33%和17.06%,。D15處理2a的平均產(chǎn)量與CK,、D5和D10處理相比,分別提高85.10%,、45.47%和31.26%,;與D20處理相比提高了3.89%。綜合考慮不同施肥處理冬油菜的根系分布,、養(yǎng)分吸收量和籽粒產(chǎn)量,,地表下15cm(D15處理)為冬油菜較優(yōu)的施肥深度。

    Abstract:

    In order to determine an optimal fertilization depth for winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), barrel experiment was conducted in 2013—2014 and 2014—2015 with six treatments, including no fertilizer (F0), and fertilization depths of 0cm (CK), 5cm (D5), 10cm (D10), 15cm (D15) and20cm (D20). The effects of different fertilization depths on above-ground dry weight of taproot and lateral root, and the length, volume, area of lateral root, nutrient uptake and yield of winter oilseed rape were systematically analyzed and compared. The results showed that D15 treatment significantly increased the taproot dry weight in 5~20cm and deeper than 20cm soil depths, while the reduction of taproot dry weight in 0~5cm soil depth was not great compared with CK and D5, thus the total taproot dry weight was significantly increased. The maximum lateral root dry weight, length, volume and area in the 10~20cm soil layer at both seedling stage and flowering stage were found in D15 treatment, which were also significantly higher than those in CK and D5. Above-ground dry matter and shoot nutrient uptake in D15 were the highest at both flowering and harvest stages of all the treatments, and D15 treatment achieved the greatest rapeseed yield and the most N, P, K uptakes in the seed at harvest, while the above-ground dry matter, shoot nutrient uptake, rapeseed yield in CK and D5 were significantly lower than those in D15 treatment. Compared with CK, the N, P, K uptakes of shoot at harvest in D15 treatment across the two growing seasons were increased by 48.07%, 52.18%, 62.96% and 25.75%, 30.19%, 33.41% in comparison with D5 treatment, respectively. In two growing seasons, the yield in D15 treatment was 85.10%, 45.47% and 31.26% higher than those in CK, D5 and D10, respectively. Considering the root distribution, nutrient uptake and yield of winter oilseed rape among all the treatments, fertilization depth of 15cm (D15) could be recommended as the optimal fertilization depth in oilseed rape cultivation.

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谷曉博,李援農(nóng),杜婭丹,任全茂,吳國軍,銀敏華.施肥深度對冬油菜產(chǎn)量,、根系分布和養(yǎng)分吸收的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(6):120-128,206. Gu Xiaobo, Li Yuannong, Du Yadan, Ren Quanmao, Wu Guojun, Yin Minhua. Effects of Fertilization Depth on Yield, Root Distribution and Nutrient Uptake of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):120-128,206.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-08-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-06-10
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