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3WGZ-500型噴霧機(jī)對靶噴霧系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51405496),、河南省開放合作項目(152106000036),、國家國際合作專項(2013DFA71130)和土壤植物機(jī)器系統(tǒng)技術(shù)國家重點實驗室開放課題項目(2014-SKL-04)


Design and Experiment of Target Spraying System of 3WGZ-500 Sprayer
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    摘要:

    為了提高果園噴霧的農(nóng)藥利用率,,減少因農(nóng)藥地面流失而造成的環(huán)境污染,,針對果園傳統(tǒng)連續(xù)噴霧作業(yè)時存在過量噴灑和樹間無效噴霧的特點,,基于3WGZ-500型風(fēng)送自走式噴霧機(jī)設(shè)計了自動對靶噴霧系統(tǒng),。該系統(tǒng)采用超聲波傳感器測距方式探測果樹(傳感器量程為0.35~2m,,發(fā)射角為60°,,噴藥機(jī)兩側(cè)分別以15°均布5個),。根據(jù)傳感器信號,,控制與相應(yīng)位置噴頭對應(yīng)的上、中,、下3組管路電磁閥的開合,,實現(xiàn)自動對靶噴霧,。以5a樹齡的蘋果園為試驗對象,在噴霧壓力0.5MPa時,,開展不同作業(yè)速度(1.3,、1.7、4.5,、7.2km/h)下果樹冠層的有,、無對靶噴霧試驗,并與傳統(tǒng)噴霧機(jī)噴藥對照,,結(jié)果表明:作業(yè)速度對3WGZ-500型噴霧機(jī)有,、無對靶噴霧時的農(nóng)藥利用率影響不大,自動對靶噴霧系統(tǒng)開啟時的農(nóng)藥利用率為35.8%,,比關(guān)閉時的27.6%提高了29.7%,,較傳統(tǒng)噴霧機(jī)18.7%的農(nóng)藥利用率提高了91.4%,可大幅減少農(nóng)藥用量,;3WGZ-500型噴霧機(jī)在不同作業(yè)速度的農(nóng)藥地面流失率十分接近,,有對靶時地面流失率平均13.3%,相對無對靶時的18.86%降低了42%,,說明對靶噴霧系統(tǒng)有效降低了對生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染,。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the pesticide application efficiency and reduce the agricultural chemicals lost in orchard spraying, an automatic target spraying system based on the 3WGZ-500 selfpropelled sprayer was designed in view of excess spraying and ineffective spray at fruit trees clearances during traditional spray operation. Ten ultrasonic sensors were fixed on the two sides of the orchard sprayer at 15° intervals, which were used to measure the distance between the nozzles and sprayer targets. The sensor measure range was 0.35~2m and emission angle was 60°. Based on the sensor signals, three channel solenoid valves by side were used to control the switch of nozzles at the corresponding position. The experiment was worked at the five years old apple orchard, test spray pressure was 0.5MPa and operating speed was 1.3km/h, 1.7km/h, 4.5km/h and 7.2km/h respectively. The result showed that the operating speed had little effect on pesticide application efficiency at the condition of with target spraying system and without target spraying system. This target spraying system can reduce unnecessary spraying chemical pesticides. The pesticide application efficiency was 35.8% with target spraying system, which increased 29.7% compared to without target spraying system’s 27.6% and increased 91.4% compared with traditional spray’s 18.7%. The system can effectively reduce the pollution to the environment. Ground loss rate at different operating speeds was proximity. The ground loss rate was 13.3% with target spraying system, which reduced by 42% compared to without target spraying system’s18.86%.

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金 鑫,董 祥,楊學(xué)軍,嚴(yán)荷榮.3WGZ-500型噴霧機(jī)對靶噴霧系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2016,47(7):21-27. Jin Xin, Dong Xiang, Yang Xuejun, Yan Herong. Design and Experiment of Target Spraying System of 3WGZ-500 Sprayer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):21-27.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-12-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-07-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-07-10
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