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烏龍茶LED補光萎凋品質(zhì)特性研究
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2014BAD06B06-06)、國家重大農(nóng)技推廣服務試點項目(KNJ-151063)和福建省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(2014NK03)


Research on Quality Characteristic Using LED as Supplementary Lighting during Withering Process in Oolong Tea
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    摘要:

    光質(zhì)是烏龍茶品質(zhì)形成不可缺少的環(huán)境因素,,為了明確LED補光萎凋?qū)觚埐杵焚|(zhì)形成的影響,,選取清香型鐵觀音為研究對象,以無光萎凋為對照,,探明日光和LED紅,、黃、藍光4個光照條件下采后茶鮮葉的生理響應能力以及鐵觀音毛茶生化,、香氣組分測定與感官品質(zhì)評價,。試驗結(jié)果表明:離體葉對不同光質(zhì)的生理響應在10~15min時分別達到峰值,光照強度為300μmol/(m2·s)時,,光照30min可滿足萎凋光環(huán)境技術(shù)參數(shù),。與無光處理相比,補光萎凋可顯著提高鐵觀音毛茶的水浸出物,、氨基酸,、可溶性糖、黃酮等含量,,促進了茶多酚轉(zhuǎn)化并降低了咖啡堿含量,;鐵觀音主要賦香成分α法呢烯和橙花叔醇的相對質(zhì)量分數(shù)分別提高11.42%、30.65%,。主成分分析得出日光,、LED萎凋處理毛茶香氣質(zhì)量綜合得分高于無光萎凋處理,,LED黃,、藍光萎凋處理香氣質(zhì)量綜合評價略優(yōu)于LED紅光萎凋,并與各處理毛茶品質(zhì)感官審評結(jié)果表現(xiàn)一致,,補光萎凋技術(shù)可使經(jīng)濟效益提高63%,。

    Abstract:

    Solar withering is the first and essential processing during Oolong tea manufacturing, which can improve and develop a pleasant scent, especially for the floral fruity scent. The traditional technology employed hot air withering in rainy days, which lacks of light radiation, the quality of Oolong tea has no fruit floral odour and the taste is niffy green and astringency. In order to make up the light waves in rainy days or instability sunlight, an artificial light source could be considered for quality improvement during withering process in Oolong tea. In this study, solar, LED (red, yellow, blue) and dark treatments were projected for the test of physiological response, physicochemical, aroma, sensory evaluation and efficiency. Firstly, the constant temperature and humidity containing LED resource withering device for Oolong tea was developed, mainly including LED panel, air circulation channel, temperature/humidity transducer and uniform plate. The temperature/humidity transducer was applied to control the fixed conditions; Air circulation channel was projected as a medium to dehumidify and ensure the circulation of air in the box. Secondly, the test of physiological response indicated that fresh tea leaves plucking from tea plants had a limited capacity to absorb light, the net photosynthetic and transpiration rate of tea leaves increased at first and then decreased, reached peak at 10~15min; However, the dark treatment remained negative value(-2.5μmol/(m2·s)), mainly conduct respiration action, and when photo synthetically active radiation was 300μmol/(m2·s), the time of withering by 30min could be well. Thirdly, the test of biochemical component indicated that treatments exposed to different light significances increased the content of water extracts, amino acid, soluble sugar and flavones, boosted the conversion of polyphenol and decreased content of caffeine. Then, the volatile components of different treatments were assayed by chromatography-mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). Principal component analysis method was used to evaluate the results. In contrast to dark treatment, the relative content of alphafarnesene and nerolidol increased by 11.42% and 30.65%, respectively. The score of aroma quality exposed to solar was the highest, yellow and blue light had a bit better than red light, and dark treatment ranked the last. The sensory evaluation of quality in raw tea showed a similar trend to the results of principal component analysis. Moreover, based on light withering ,the productive efficiency can be improved by 2.6 times, the grade of tea quality increased 1~2 levels, and the economic benefit enhanced by approximately 63%. In conclusion, light can regulate and improve the taste and volatiles of Oolong tea, selecting LED as an artificial light to substitute for solar withering could be a promising technology, especially for the standardization during Oolong tea manufacturing.

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陳壽松,金心怡,林宏政,俞少娟,周子維,孫 云.烏龍茶LED補光萎凋品質(zhì)特性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(7):282-289. Chen Shousong, Jin Xinyi, Lin Hongzheng, Yu Shaojuan, Zhou Ziwei, Sun Yun. Research on Quality Characteristic Using LED as Supplementary Lighting during Withering Process in Oolong Tea[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):282-289.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-04-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-07-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-07-10
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