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水稻直播機(jī)組合型孔排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(201203059)、國(guó)家引進(jìn)國(guó)際先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)(948)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011-G18(2))和國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2012AA10A501-2)


Design and Experiment of Combined Hole-type Metering Device of Rice Hill-drop Drilling Machine
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    摘要:

    為同時(shí)滿足常規(guī)稻與雜交稻的播種要求以及實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)播量的快速調(diào)節(jié),,以型孔輪式排種器為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)計(jì)了一種由型孔輪殼,、型孔輪和調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)組成的組合型孔排種器。以瓢形孔為組合型孔設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),,型孔輪殼上有多個(gè)帶引種槽的瓢形通孔,,可與型孔輪上的大、小型孔對(duì)應(yīng)組合成完整的型孔,,調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)起調(diào)節(jié)定位作用。以常規(guī)稻秀水134和玉香油占以及雜交稻花優(yōu)14和培雜泰豐為試驗(yàn)材料,,對(duì)型孔的形狀,、尺寸和形式以及調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)。通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的可靠性試驗(yàn)得出,,調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的可靠性合格,,且可5s內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)播量快速調(diào)節(jié)。根據(jù)已有的理論和模型,,計(jì)算確定了型孔數(shù)量為8個(gè),,型孔大端半徑為5mm,小端半徑為4.5mm,,長(zhǎng)度為11mm,。通過(guò)理論計(jì)算和三因素兩水平試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明:引種槽的長(zhǎng)度為6.5mm,倒角為60°,,型孔輪上大型孔的形式為深度6.5mm柱形型孔,,小型孔的形式為深度4mm的勺形型孔時(shí)試驗(yàn)效果最佳,,在轉(zhuǎn)速50r/min 時(shí)播秀水134品種,小型孔的穴粒數(shù)合格率達(dá)87%,,大型孔的穴粒數(shù)合格率達(dá)87.67%,,且變異系數(shù)分別為22.60%和20.46%,滿足播種要求,。相關(guān)性分析進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了型孔形式是影響穴粒數(shù)合格率的關(guān)鍵,,引種槽的長(zhǎng)度和倒角對(duì)穴粒數(shù)合格率與變異系數(shù)均有影響。播種適應(yīng)性試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,組合型孔排種器能同時(shí)滿足常規(guī)稻(秀水134,、玉香油占)與雜交稻(花優(yōu)14、培雜泰豐)的播量要求,,變異系數(shù)較小,,具有較好的適應(yīng)性。

    Abstract:

    Due to the differences of soil, climate, varieties in different regions and different planting habits, the rice planting agronomic requirements are different. In order to meet the seeding requirement of conventional rice and hybrid rice simultaneously and to adjust the seeding rate quickly, a combined holetype metering device was designed based on a simple holetype metering device which was developed by South China Agricultural University. The device included holetype shell, holetype roller and adjusting mechanism. A complete holetype was comprised by the label through holes which were uniformly distributed on the holetype shell and the small/big holetype which were uniformly distributed on holetype roller. The shape, size and style of the holetype and the adjusting mechanism were designed and optimized. The reliability experiments of the adjusting mechanism were carried out and the result showed that its structure was reasonable and the seeding rate adjusting process could be completed in 5 s. According to the existed model and theory, the outline dimensions of the holetype were calculated and the results confirmed that the number of the holetype was 8, the big radius was 5mm, the small radius was 4.5mm and the length was 11mm. To further study on the main impact factors of the seeding performance of the metering device, the length and the chamfering angle of the guiding groove and the type of the holetype were selected as the factors of the performance experiment while the conventional rice pregerminated seed Yuxiangyouzhan was selected as the experimental material. The results indicated that the optimal combination parameters were the length of the guiding groove of 6.5mm, the chamfering angle of 60°, the big holetype on the holetype roller with 6.5mm cylindrical hole and the small holetype with 4mm spoonshaped hole. The test results with rotational speed of 50r/min showed that the qualified rate of the seed number per hole of the small holetype was 87%, the seeding qualified rate of the big holetype was 8767%, and the seeding variable coefficients of these towed holetype were 2260% and 2046% which could meet the rice seeding requirement. The correlation analysis showed that the main effect on the qualified rate was the type of the holetype, and the length and the chamfering angle of the guiding groove had effects on the seeding variable coefficients as well. Furthermore, the adaptability experiment was designed by 4 varieties pregerminated rice seeds and 4 rotational speeds (30r/min, 40r/min, 50r/min and 60r/min). The results showed that the combined holetype metering device had good adaptability of seeding conventional rice seeds such as Xiushui 134 and Yuxiangyouzhan, and hybrid rice seeds such as Huayou 14 and Peizataifeng.

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張明華,羅錫文,王在滿,戴億政,王寶龍,鄭樂(lè).水稻直播機(jī)組合型孔排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(9):29-36. Zhang Minghua, Luo Xiwen, Wang Zaiman, Dai Yizheng, Wang Baolong, Zheng Le. Design and Experiment of Combined Hole-type Metering Device of Rice Hill-drop Drilling Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):29-36.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-06-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-09-10
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