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黃土坡面細溝流土壤侵蝕機理研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51579214)、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費專項資金項目(Z109021564),、黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點實驗室主任基金項目(A314021402-1619)和流域水循環(huán)模擬與調(diào)控國家重點實驗室開放基金項目(IWHR-SKL-2014)


Study of Rill Flow Soil Erosion Mechanism on Loess Slope Surface
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    摘要:

    細溝侵蝕是黃土坡面最主要的侵蝕方式之一,,土壤剝離過程是細溝侵蝕中的重要環(huán)節(jié),。采用6種坡度(2°,、4°,、6°,、8°,、10°,、12°)、5種流量(8,、16,、24、32,、40L/min)組合沖刷試驗,,系統(tǒng)研究了黃土坡面細溝流土壤剝蝕率與水動力學(xué)和床面形態(tài)的耦合關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:土壤剝蝕率與流量,、坡度均呈冪函數(shù)增加關(guān)系,,且坡度對土壤剝蝕率的影響更大;不同類型土壤無量綱剝蝕率與無量綱流速之間存在分區(qū)現(xiàn)象,,表明土壤侵蝕受到除泥沙粒徑外其他因素的影響,;不同類型土壤無量綱剝蝕率與無量綱切應(yīng)力雙對數(shù)函數(shù)呈線性增加關(guān)系,且不存在分區(qū),;不同類型土壤無量綱剝蝕率與無量綱單位水流功率存在分區(qū),;土壤剝蝕率隨跌坑發(fā)育系數(shù)的增加呈冪函數(shù)增加趨勢,而土壤剝蝕率隨L/H增加呈冪函數(shù)減小趨勢,說明床面形態(tài)越加復(fù)雜,、跌坑發(fā)育越加成熟,,土壤侵蝕就越劇烈。研究結(jié)果對細溝水流侵蝕機理的探究具有一定的理論價值,,對黃土坡面水土流失治理及生態(tài)修復(fù)均具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義,。

    Abstract:

    Rill erosion is one of the most important slope erosion in loess area, and soil detachment process is an important link of rill erosion. However, the existing studies only are based on a single soil conditions, while the simple relationship between soil detachment rate and water dynamics cannot fully reflect the coupling mechanism of the soil detachment rate under different types of soil. More importantly, the existing research involves little on the relationship between the detachment rate and bed surface morphology. The article adopted the combination of six kinds of slope gradients (2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10° and 12°) and five discharges (8L/min, 16L/min, 24L/min, 32L/min, 40L/min) to do scouring experiment. The results showed that: soil detachment rate had power function relationship with discharge and slope, and slope had a greater influence than discharge; Different types of nondimensional soil detachment rate and nondimensional unit stream power had zoned phenomenon with nondimensional flow velocity which showed that soil detachment had other influence factors except diameter of particles; Nondimensional soil detachment rate and nondimensional shear stress doublelog function had a linear increase relationship, and there was no partition; Soil detachment rate had a trend of increase power function with the increase of down hole development coefficient, and the soil detachment rate had a power function decreasing trend with the L/H increases. This results show that the more complex bed surface morphology increased, the more mature down hole developed increasingly and the more intense soil detachment is. The results of the study have some theoretical value to the mechanism of sediment transport on rill flow erosion, moreover it has a certain guiding significance on loess slope surface soil detachment control and ecological restoration.

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馬小玲,張寬地,董旭,楊明義,楊帆.黃土坡面細溝流土壤侵蝕機理研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2016,47(9):134-140. Ma Xiaoling, Zhang Kuandi, Dong Xu, Yang Mingyi, Yang Fan. Study of Rill Flow Soil Erosion Mechanism on Loess Slope Surface[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):134-140.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-09-10
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