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干旱區(qū)控制灌溉下水稻光合特性與蒸騰效率研究
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國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100508)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃糧食豐產(chǎn)增效科技創(chuàng)新重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2016YFD0300505,、2016YFD0300600),、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(201303109-5)和國(guó)家糧食豐產(chǎn)科技工程項(xiàng)目(2013BAD07B08)


Photosynthesis Characteristics and Transpiration Efficiency of Rice Plants under Controlled Irrigation Technology in Arid Region
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    于2011—2012年在干旱區(qū)(新疆石河子市)開(kāi)展田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),,研究淹灌(W1),、控制灌溉(W2)和旱作(W3)等栽培模式下的產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成、光合特性及蒸騰效率,,以期為干旱區(qū)水稻高產(chǎn)高效栽培提供理論依據(jù),。研究結(jié)果表明:開(kāi)花前,凈光合速率(Pn)在W1和W2處理間差異不顯著(p>0.05),,但花后,,W1處理Pn分別高出W2、W3處理11.29%~20.91%和38.65%~52.03%,;在飽和土壤含水量條件下,,W2處理凈光合速率較W1處理輕微降低,羧化效率,、光飽和點(diǎn)和光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)均可與W1持平,,并顯著高于W3處理(p<0.05),W2處理花后光合生產(chǎn)能力受限主要因其在非飽和土壤含水量條件下大幅降低所致,;W1處理全天各時(shí)間段Pn高于W2和W3處理,,午后時(shí)段處理間差異較上午更大,;最終,W2處理產(chǎn)量?jī)H降低4.43%~18.72%,,而W3處理降低31.23%~39.45%,;在整個(gè)生育期,W2處理蒸騰效率最大,,顯著高于W1,、W3處理(p<0.05)。綜上所述,,W2處理在干旱區(qū)表現(xiàn)出高產(chǎn)高效生產(chǎn)潛力,,提升灌漿期午后光合生產(chǎn)能力可能對(duì)于進(jìn)一步提高旱區(qū)水稻產(chǎn)量具有重要作用。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the effects of water regimes on yield formation, photosynthetic characteristics and transpiration efficiency of rice plants in arid region, plot experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 in Shihezi City with three water treatments, including flooding irrigation (W1), controlled irrigation technology (W2) and aerobic rice (W3). The results showed that there was no significant difference for net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in W1 and W2 treatments before anthesis, but W1 treatment was 11.29%~20.91% higher than W2 treatment, and 38.65%~52.03% higher than W3 treatment after anthesis across both years. Further analysis indicated that little difference of the parameters of Pn, carboxylation efficiency, saturation light intensity, and compensation light intensity were existed in W1 and W2 treatments in saturated soil moisture, the lower Pn in W2 and W3 treatments than that in W1 treatment was mainly due to significantly decreased Pn in W2 and W3 treatments when soil water content was unsaturated in 2011 and 2012 (p<005). Moreover, the diurnal changes of Pn was higher in W1 treatment than that in W2 and W3 treatments during whole observed times, and the difference was greater on forenoon (before 12:00) than on afternoon (after 14:00) among treatments. Finally, the grain yield in W2 and W3 treatments only decreased by 4.43%~18.72% and 31.23%~39.45% when compared with W1 treatment considering both years. The transpiration efficiency in W2 treatment was always significantly greater than that in W1 and W3 treatments during whole growth stages in both years (p<005). Generally speaking, the W2 treatment performs high grain yield and high water use efficiency in arid region, meanwhile, the grain yield in W2 treatment could be increased when improving photosynthetic produce ability in the afternoon at grainfilling stage.

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何海兵,武立權(quán),楊茹,馬富裕,黃義德.干旱區(qū)控制灌溉下水稻光合特性與蒸騰效率研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(9):186-193. He Haibing, Wu Liquan, Yang Ru, Ma Fuyu, Huang Yide. Photosynthesis Characteristics and Transpiration Efficiency of Rice Plants under Controlled Irrigation Technology in Arid Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):186-193.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-26
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2016-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-09-10
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