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不同處理方式的作物秸稈田間腐解特性研究
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中國(guó)科學(xué)院黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室基金項(xiàng)目(K318009902-1310)和陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011K01-48)


Decomposition Characteristics of Crop Residues among Different Agricultural Treatments
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    摘要:

    采用尼龍網(wǎng)袋法,結(jié)合熱重分析,,研究玉米和大豆秸稈在3種試驗(yàn)地(葡萄園,、桃園,、農(nóng)田)腐解過(guò)程中的腐解率和組分變化,,為秸稈還田措施提供理論依據(jù),。結(jié)果表明,,腐解前期0~20d作物秸稈腐解20%以上,,20~120d腐解率無(wú)明顯變化,,120d后繼續(xù)腐解至60%~70%,,大豆秸稈前期較玉米秸稈腐解快。熱重分析得出,,玉米秸稈在腐解期間(20~45d)會(huì)產(chǎn)生TG曲線上200~300℃階段的失重(20%~30%),,腐解后期,大豆秸稈在300~400℃的失重百分比高于玉米秸稈,,TG-DTG曲線在600~700℃階段的失重量到腐解末期(300d)均為6%左右,,隨著腐解的進(jìn)行,固定碳和灰分百分比上升至40%,。作物秸稈的腐解率,、組分百分比在不同處理間(新鮮與干燥處理、大豆秸稈與玉米秸稈處理,、加氮與未加氮處理)差異顯著(P<0.05),,在3個(gè)試驗(yàn)地之間則無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05),腐解率,、固定碳與土壤溫度和降水量都呈極顯著正相關(guān),,揮發(fā)分與土壤溫度、降水量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),。玉米和大豆秸稈還田有增加土壤碳含量的作用,,作物秸稈種類、碳氮比,、干濕程度以及土壤溫度,、降水條件都會(huì)影響作物秸稈在土壤中的腐解率和組分變化。

    Abstract:

    This study was about crop decomposition characteristic changes of corn and bean residues (with different water conditions and C/N ratios) decomposition in the fields of three land uses (vineyard, peach orchard, farmland), using nylon mesh bags method and thermogravimetry (TG), which can provide a scientific basis for the rational use of straw resources. The results showed that at the early stage of the decomposition (0~20d), the decomposition rate was more than 20% and the decomposition rate of bean straws was faster than that of corn straws. On 0~90d of the decomposition, they were relatively stable. Then the decomposition rates increased to 60%~70% at the end (300d). In TG-DTG curves, the mass loss of 200~300℃ stage(20%~30%) was caused by the corn straws during the decomposition (20~45d). At the end of decomposition, the 300~400℃ mass losses of bean straws were significantly higher than those of corn straws. The values of 600~700℃ in TG and DTG curves at the end of the decomposition (300d) were about 6%. The decomposition rates and percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matters were significantly different between fresh and dry treatments, corn residues and bean residues, and low C/N ratio and high C/N ratio treatments (P < 0.05). While, there were no obvious differences in three different land uses (P > 0.05). The decomposition rates and fixed carbon contents were significantly positively related to soil temperature and precipitation (P < 0.05), and volatile matters were negatively correlated with soil temperature and precipitation (P < 0.05). Corn and bean straws in soils could increase the carbon content. Type, C/N ratio and water condition of crop residues, and soil temperature and precipitation could affect the crop straw decomposition in the soil.

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曹瑩菲,張紅,劉克,呂家瓏.不同處理方式的作物秸稈田間腐解特性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(9):212-219. Cao Yingfei, Zhang Hong, Liu Ke, Lü Jialong. Decomposition Characteristics of Crop Residues among Different Agricultural Treatments[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):212-219.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-09-10
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