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基于微分變化構造法的數(shù)控機床幾何誤差補償方法
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浙江省重大科技專項(2013C01144),、浙江省教育廳科研項目(Y201533896)和紹興市科技計劃項目(2014B70018)


Differential Change Construction Based Geometric Error Compensation for Machine Tools
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    摘要:

    為了使得機床誤差建模與補償過程緊密聯(lián)系,同時避免雅可比矩陣繁瑣的計算,,提出一種基于微分變化構造法的機床幾何誤差補償方法,。根據(jù)坐標系微分變化矩陣建立機床幾何誤差模型,?;跈C床正向運動鏈順序建立各個運動軸微分變化矩陣,,結(jié)合各個運動軸幾何誤差對應的微分運動矢量計算得到運動軸幾何誤差對刀具精度影響,,相加得到刀具坐標下的綜合微分變化矩陣,,通過機床正向運動學模型將刀具綜合誤差轉(zhuǎn)換到工作臺坐標系下得到機床刀具位置誤差,。采用微分變化構造法提取各個運動軸微分變化矩陣相應子矩陣構造得到機床雅可比矩陣,計算刀具坐標系綜合誤差對應運動軸補償量得到機床補償加工代碼,,微分變化構造法無需額外計算,,且重新使用建模過程建立的矩陣。在北京精雕Carver800T加工中心進行實驗,,補償后工件總誤差降低了30%左右,,驗證了基于微分變化構造法的幾何誤差補償方法的有效性。

    Abstract:

    In order to make error compensation of machine tools relate to error modeling closely, and to avoid the tedious calculation of Jacobian matrix, a geometric error compensation method of machine tools based on differential change construction was proposed. At first, geometric error modeling of machine tools was developed using differential change matrices of coordinate frames. According to the forward kinematic chain of the machine tool, differential change matrix of each axis was established. The differential motion vector of each axis was obtained according to the properties of geometric errors. On the basis, the impacts of geometric errors of each axis on the precision of the tool were calculated. The integrated differential motion vector in the coordinate frame of tool was obtained by adding these impacts together. Then, based on homogeneous motion matrix of forward kinematics chain of the machine tool, the integrated geometric error model of the machine tool was established by transforming the integrated differential motion vector to coordinate frame of the working table. Next, the differential change construction was used to extract the corresponding column vector of differential change matrix of each axis to establish Jacobian matrix of the machine tool. The Jacobian matrix can compensate the integrated differential motion vector in the coordinated frame of tool. The differential change construction does not need extra calculation, and reuses the differential change matrices established in modeling. At last, the workpiece cutting experiments were carried out on Carver800T threeaxis machine tool. The results show that the geometric error compensation based on differential change construction is effective.

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齊繼寶,楊偉民.基于微分變化構造法的數(shù)控機床幾何誤差補償方法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(9):398-405. Qi Jibao, Yang Weimin. Differential Change Construction Based Geometric Error Compensation for Machine Tools[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):398-405.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-04-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-09-10
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