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灌溉水質對土壤飽和導水率和入滲特性的影響
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國家自然科學基金項目(41471180),、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務費專項(2015B14814),、河海大學優(yōu)秀創(chuàng)新人才支持計劃項目和江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學科建設工程項目(PAPD)


Influence of Water Quality on Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Infiltration Properties
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    為研究淡水與微咸水降水頭入滲的差異,,采用礦化度為1.0g/L的微咸水與去離子淡水,,對濱海圍墾區(qū)粉砂土與南京黃棕壤土進行了一維降水頭積水入滲試驗。試驗結果表明,,采用微咸水入滲可以增大2種土壤的入滲能力,,且對黃棕壤土的影響更為明顯。利用Philip入滲模型對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行擬合,,結果表明,,模型可以較為精確地描述2種土壤的微咸水降水頭入滲過程,且模型對黃棕壤土入滲過程的擬合精度更高,。土壤水分與鹽分再分布過程中,,在粉砂土上層,微咸水灌溉對鹽分的淋洗效果與淡水灌溉相近,,但在土壤深層微咸水灌溉使土壤的積鹽量顯著高于淡水,。采用淡水灌溉的黃棕壤土,土壤表層脫鹽,、深層積鹽,;采用微咸水灌溉的土柱剖面均明顯積鹽,且因表層土壤孔隙結構被破壞,,持水能力增強,,使表層土壤與深層土壤均積累了較高含量鹽分。

    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the differences in falling-head infiltration between fresh water and saline water, one-dimensional precipitation-head water infiltration column experiments were carried out for two soils, i.e., coastal saline-alkali soil and yellow-brown soil by using either fresh water or saline water with mineralization of 1.0g/L. The results showed that higher infiltration rates were obtained for saline water than for fresh water and the wetting front advance was faster for both soils. It indicated that saline water could enhance the infiltration capacity of the two soil types. This was especially so for the yellow-brown soil because it had better structure and was more readily affected by salt in saline water. The analysis of Philip infiltration modeling showed that the model was able to describe process of both saline and fresh water falling-head infiltrations in both soil types. However, the model predictions of measured yellow-brown soil data were poorer than those of salinealkali soil data. This was caused by soil sorptivity, which was a constant in the Philip model, and it could not describe the slight decrease in infiltration capacity, which occurred with increase of infiltration duration, as accurately for the yellow-brown soil as it could for the salinealkali soil. During the redistribution processes of water and salt, the salt leaching was similar under saline and fresh water infiltration in the upper levels of salinealkali soil columns because desalting was the main process occurred in those layers. However, salt accumulation was evidently greater under saline water infiltration than that under fresh water infiltration in layers closer to the wetting front. The salt content was increased in the upper layers while it was decreased in the deeper layers of yellow-brown soil under fresh water infiltration; but it was increased in all of layers under saline water infiltration; and the top and bottom layers both had the highest levels of saltiness, because the salt was retained specifically in the top soil layers due to the damage in the soil structure and the increase in water retention capacity, while it was leached from middle layers into lower layer to some extent.

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唐勝強,佘冬立.灌溉水質對土壤飽和導水率和入滲特性的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(10):108-114. Tang Shengqiang, She Dongli. Influence of Water Quality on Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Infiltration Properties[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(10):108-114.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-10-10
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