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坡面薄層水流滾波演變規(guī)律試驗(yàn)研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51579214,、51209222)、流域水循環(huán)模擬與調(diào)控國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主研究課題項(xiàng)目(2015ZY01,、2015TS01),、黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目(A314021402—1619)和流域水循環(huán)模擬與調(diào)控國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目(IWHR—SKL—2014)


Experiment on Evolution Law of Thin Layer Rolling Flow on Slope Surface
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    為探求坡面薄層水流滾波產(chǎn)生機(jī)理及其演化規(guī)律,采用變坡水槽試驗(yàn),,結(jié)合超聲波測量技術(shù),,研究了5種坡度和21種單寬流量下坡面薄層水流的水力特性及失穩(wěn)特征,。結(jié)果表明,,試驗(yàn)條件下,,坡面水流流態(tài)指數(shù)平均值為0.536,水流流態(tài)以紊流為主,,流型為急流,;特定粗糙床面條件下,隨著流量的增加,,水流經(jīng)歷失穩(wěn)到滾波猝滅再到二次失穩(wěn)的演變過程,;滾波猝滅臨界流量隨著坡度的增大而逐漸減小,其臨界雷諾數(shù)在509~602之間,,臨界弗汝德數(shù)在3.29~7.39之間,;隨著流程長度的增加,滾波的波速變化不大,,波長和波高逐漸增大,,頻率逐漸減小,滾波發(fā)生沿程聚合現(xiàn)象,;當(dāng)單寬流量和坡度增大時(shí),波速和頻率均隨之增大,,波長變幅不大,,而波高呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的拋物線型變化趨勢。

    Abstract:

    Based on the variable slopes flume experiment, adopting ultrasonic measurement technique, changes in hydraulic parameters of slope shallow flow were studied at five slopes and 21 unit width discharges from the viewpoint of hydraulic mechanism and stability characteristics. The results showed that the index mean value under test conditions of slope flow was 0.536, the fluid state was turbulent flow, and the flow pattern was specific jet. Under artificial roughness conditions, with the increase of discharge, the evolution of flow was from instability to roll wave quenching and loss stability. During this period, the surface of water flow was changed greatly. The critical flow rate of roll wave quenching was decreased with the increase of slope, and the quenching critical Reynolds number was varied from 509 to 602 and Froude number was varied from 3.29 to 7.39. The critical Reynolds number for unstable laminar flow was ranged from 778 to 961, and Froude number was ranged from 3.57 to 8.47. With the increase of flow length, the variation of wave celerity was small, but the wavelength and wave amplitude were increased, and the frequency was decreased, polymerization was occurred for roll waves along slope distance. When the unit width discharges and slope were increased, wave celerity and frequency were also increased, but the wavelength was changed little, and wave amplitude was changed in the form of single peak. The research results can provide theoretical basis for studying of soil erosion on the slope, and promote the extension of traditional hydraulics theory to overland flow. 

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楊苗,張寬地,龔家國,趙勇,王浩,范典.坡面薄層水流滾波演變規(guī)律試驗(yàn)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(10):156-163. Yang Miao, Zhang Kuandi, Gong Jiaguo, Zhao Yong, Wang Hao, Fan Dian. Experiment on Evolution Law of Thin Layer Rolling Flow on Slope Surface[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(10):156-163.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-10-10
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