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兩段收獲花生螺桿彎齒式軸流摘果裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51575367、50775151)和高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)科研基金項(xiàng)目(20122103110009)


Design and Test on Axial Flow Peanut Picking Device with Screw Bending-tooth
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有花生摘果裝置普遍存在的摘果損傷率高且易纏繞,、堵塞和排秧困難等問(wèn)題,,以及滿足我國(guó)兩段式花生收獲的撿拾聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)摘果裝置研究需要,在研究?jī)啥问交ㄉ斋@方式下花生植株性狀與特點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種螺桿彎齒式軸流全喂入花生摘果裝置,摘果作業(yè)時(shí),,花生植株受螺桿、彎齒和凹板篩共同作用使花生莢果從花生莖稈上脫離,,因螺桿有螺旋角、彎齒有傾角,,花生植株沿摘果滾筒圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的同時(shí),,受軸向分力作用排出機(jī)外,,在保證高摘凈率和低損傷率的同時(shí)避免植株在滾筒中纏繞和堵塞;對(duì)關(guān)鍵部件(螺桿,、彎齒和凹板篩等)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算,。以晾曬3~5d的遼寧主栽花生品種“花育30”為試驗(yàn)材料,以彎齒與滾筒母線夾角,、彎齒彎角和螺桿與滾筒母線夾角為試驗(yàn)因素,,以摘凈率和破碎率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),運(yùn)用回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn)方法,,對(duì)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行了兩段收獲條件下的摘果性能試驗(yàn),;建立試驗(yàn)因素與試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)之間的數(shù)學(xué)模型并進(jìn)行響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)分析,結(jié)果表明:在彎齒與滾筒母線夾角為33°,、彎齒彎角為60°和螺桿與滾筒母線夾角為23°時(shí),,花生摘果綜合指標(biāo)最優(yōu),花生摘凈率為98.96%,,花生破碎率為0.88%,,均優(yōu)于行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),滿足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)要求,。

    Abstract:

    In view of the existing peanut picking device widespreadly used, which breaking rate is high, easy winding, and blocking, based on two-stage peanut harvest, this research studied the mechanisms of picking peanut pods during picking up and threshing, and determined the optimal parameters of picking device. An axial flow peanut picking device with screw bendingtooth was designed. The screw, bendingtooth and concave sieve worked together to separate peanut pods from plant, because screw possessed pitch angle and bendingtooth possessed elevation angle, plant in a circular and axial motion along the roller and then it was eliminated from the machine, which can keep high picking rate, low breaking rate, and avoid winding and blocking. The key components were designed and calculated. Introducing the structure and principle of operation of the machine, the key components’ parameters were confirmed by deeply theoretical analysis which made up the picking mechanism that had a great influence on picking effect. The peanut variety “Huayu 30” was selected as test material, and picking gap, feed quantity and rotating speed of cylinder were selected as experimental factors. Meanwhile, the peanut picking and breaking rate were selected as experimental indexes. Through orthogonal test, the mathematical model was established between the experimental factors and indexes and studied on the response surface optimization. The working parameters of picking performance were optimized. After verification test, the conclusion was obtained that the peanut picking rate was 98.96%, the peanut breaking rate was 0.88%. When the angle between bendingtooth and roller generatrix was 33°, the angle of bendingtooth was 60°, the angle between screw and roller generatrix was 23°, which met national standard and the need of production.

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陳中玉,關(guān)萌,高連興,陳麗娟,馬方,董華山.兩段收獲花生螺桿彎齒式軸流摘果裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(11):106-113. Chen Zhongyu, Guan Meng, Gao Lianxing, Chen Lijuan, Ma Fang, Dong Huashan. Design and Test on Axial Flow Peanut Picking Device with Screw Bending-tooth[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):106-113.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-01-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-11-10
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