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基于彈道理論有風(fēng)條件下折射式噴頭噴灌均勻度研究
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015BAD22B01-02)


Uniformity of Fixed Sprayplate Sprinkler under Windy Condition Based on Ballistic Simulation
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    摘要:

    為計(jì)算有風(fēng)條件下折射式噴頭水量分布及噴灌均勻度,,以彈道軌跡理論為基礎(chǔ),,依據(jù)風(fēng)速分布模型,,建立有風(fēng)條件下折射式單噴頭水量分布計(jì)算方法,采用該方法模擬出有風(fēng)條件下Nelson D3000型噴頭倒掛安裝方式下水量分布特性,,通過與實(shí)測資料進(jìn)行對比,驗(yàn)證了模擬具有較高的準(zhǔn)確度,,可應(yīng)用于有風(fēng)條件下折射式噴頭水量分布計(jì)算,。在此基礎(chǔ)上,選用476mm(24號(hào))噴嘴直徑,,模擬出不工況下單噴頭水量分布,,計(jì)算出組合情況下噴灌均勻度,分析了風(fēng)速,、風(fēng)向,、噴頭間距、工作壓力和安裝高度5種因素對噴灌均勻度的影響,,并對蒸發(fā)漂移損失進(jìn)行了分析,。結(jié)果表明:95%的置信區(qū)間下,噴頭布置間距對噴灌均勻度的影響最顯著,,其次是安裝高度和噴頭工作壓力,,風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向?qū)姽嗑鶆蚨扔绊懖伙@著。風(fēng)速,、噴頭工作壓力和安裝高度都會(huì)對蒸發(fā)漂移損失產(chǎn)生影響,,其中工作壓力影響最大。當(dāng)選用Nelson D3000型噴頭在風(fēng)速小于6m/s的環(huán)境下噴灌時(shí),,應(yīng)將噴頭安裝間距固定在2.13~3.04m范圍內(nèi),。另外,該安裝間距范圍內(nèi),,噴頭安裝高度和噴灌壓力增大后,,噴灌均勻度增大的效果不明顯,,因此應(yīng)采用低壓噴灌以降低噴灌系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行成本,;考慮到較高的噴頭安裝高度會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的蒸發(fā)漂移損失,噴灌時(shí)還應(yīng)適當(dāng)降低噴頭安裝高度,,以提高噴灌水分利用率,。

    Abstract:

    In order to simulate fixed spray-plate sprinkler water distribution and Christiansen uniformity (CU) under open field conditions, the method for calculating water distribution was proposed by applying droplet size distribution, simulation of droplet distribution utilize droplet trajectory computations and wind-distored model. The accuracy of water distributions of Nelson D3000 spray sprinkler was validated by comparing simulated with observed patterns, it was found that the software appeared to be an effective predictor of sprinkler performance in wind. Under this premise, the water distribution was simulated at different wind speeds with 4.76mm nozzle diameters (24#), the factors, including wind speed, wind direction, sprinkler spacing, working pressure and riser height, which may affect CU, the wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) under different working conditions were analyzed. The results showed that sprinkler spacing had the most important influence on CU at 95% confidence interval, and it was followed by riser height and working pressure, wind speed and wind direction did not significantly affect CU. Increasing wind speed, working pressure or riser height indicated an increase in the OWDEL, and working pressure can dramatically affect the OWDEL on account of smashing large water droplet to pieces. Using this sprinkler, the lateral moving irrigation system can attain a high uniformity coefficient at 2.13~3.14m sprinkler spacing along the lateral when the wind speed was lower than 6m/s, and with this range of mounting spacing, increasing sprinkler riser height or working pressure cannot promote a higher CU distinctly, low working pressure was recommended considering little cost in the design of the sprinkler irrigation system. In addition, decreasing the riser height can reduce WDEL effectively, in order to increase water use efficiency, low height cooperated with plant height was reasonable.

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張以升,朱德蘭,宋博,張林.基于彈道理論有風(fēng)條件下折射式噴頭噴灌均勻度研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(2):91-97,81. ZHANG Yisheng, ZHU Delan, SONG Bo, ZHANG Lin. Uniformity of Fixed Sprayplate Sprinkler under Windy Condition Based on Ballistic Simulation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):91-97,81.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-06-13
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-02-10
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