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長(zhǎng)期保護(hù)性耕作對(duì)冬小麥氮素積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響
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國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2013AA102904)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(U1404404)


Effects of Long-term Conservation Tillage on Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of Winter Wheat
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    摘要:

    基于長(zhǎng)期定位耕作試驗(yàn)(2006—2016年),,探討長(zhǎng)期傳統(tǒng)翻耕,、免耕和深松耕作對(duì)冬小麥關(guān)鍵生育期0~100cm土層土壤含水率的影響,分析長(zhǎng)期免耕和深松耕作下冬小麥植株氮素積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的特性,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:長(zhǎng)期免耕和深松耕作較傳統(tǒng)翻耕均不同程度提高了0~100cm土層土壤含水率,,但在較干旱年份,,不同生育期免耕蓄水保墑效果優(yōu)于深松耕作。從冬小麥揚(yáng)花期到成熟期,,無(wú)論何種耕作方式氮素在莖和葉中的分配比例逐漸減小,,在穗中的分配比例逐漸增大。揚(yáng)花期,,與傳統(tǒng)翻耕相比,,連續(xù)2a免耕分別提高莖、葉和穗的平均氮素積累量44.3%,、80.5%和70.9%,,而連續(xù)2a深松耕作未呈現(xiàn)顯著變化;成熟期,,連續(xù)2a免耕和深松耕作較傳統(tǒng)翻耕均顯著降低了莖的平均氮素積累量,,增加了籽粒的平均氮素積累量(P<0.05),且免耕優(yōu)于深松耕作,。此外,,與傳統(tǒng)耕作相比,免耕顯著提高冬小麥植株?duì)I養(yǎng)器官氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量,、轉(zhuǎn)移率和營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率(P<0.05),,而深松耕作僅在較干旱年份未明顯提高冬小麥植株?duì)I養(yǎng)器官轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量和對(duì)籽粒的貢獻(xiàn)率。綜上,,長(zhǎng)期深松耕作并不能持續(xù)促進(jìn)冬小麥植株氮素積累與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),,對(duì)于干旱少雨年份免耕優(yōu)于深松耕作。

    Abstract:

    To study the effects of long-term conservation tillage (no-tillage and subsoiling) on nitrogen accumulation and translocation characteristics of winter wheat, a ten year (2006—2016) field experiment was carried out, and the effects of different tillage treatments, including traditional tillage, no-tillage and subsoiling on the soil water content in 0~100cm during the key winter wheat growth stages were analysed. The results showed that long-term no-tillage and subsoiling treatments significantly increased the soil water content in 0~100cm and no-tillage treatment was superior to subsoiling treatment in the dry year. The nitrogen distribution ratio in stem and leaf was gradually decreased, while it was gradually increased in wheat are from flowering to harvesting stage under three tillage treatments. Compared with conventional tillage treatment, average nitrogen accumulation amounts in stem, leaf and ear under 2-year continuous notillage treatment were increased by 44.3%, 80.5% and 70.9%, respectively, and there was no significant increase under 2-year continuous subsoiling treatment at flowering stage. At harvesting stage, no-tillage and subsoiling treatments significantly decreased the nitrogen accumulation in stem, while significantly increased its ear accumulation amount compared with conventional tillage treatment. Moreover, notillage treatment significantly increased the nitrogen translocation amount of winter wheat vegetative organs, translocation ratio, contribution ratio to grain (P<0.05), while subsoiling treatment was non-sustainable to increase nitrogen translocation amount and ratio. In general, long-term effect of no-tillage treatment on nitrogen translocation of winter wheat was superior to that of subsoiling treatment, especially in the dry year.

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丁晉利,武繼承,楊永輝,馮浩.長(zhǎng)期保護(hù)性耕作對(duì)冬小麥氮素積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(2):240-246,341. DING Jinli, WU Jicheng, YANG Yonghui, FENG Hao. Effects of Long-term Conservation Tillage on Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of Winter Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):240-246,341.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-10-25
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-02-10
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