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面向立木識別的有效K均值聚類算法研究
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國家林業(yè)局林業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)推廣項(xiàng)目(2016-29)和中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2015ZCQ-GX-01)


Effective K-means Clustering Algorithm for Tree Trunk Identification
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    摘要:

    針對林區(qū)自動對靶施藥過程中,,當(dāng)立木生長密集時(shí),,獲取的點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)聚類準(zhǔn)確率低,、效率低的問題,,提出優(yōu)化后的K均值聚類算法,,數(shù)據(jù)獲取方式基于2D激光掃描,。針對立木點(diǎn)云信息聚類前需對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行濾波,,提出窗口濾波算法,,選取產(chǎn)生混合像素點(diǎn)的樹干邊緣,,提取3次連續(xù)掃描的混合像素及其近鄰點(diǎn)組成濾波窗口,進(jìn)行最大閾值濾波,,結(jié)果顯示50次試驗(yàn)中僅有2個(gè)混合像素點(diǎn)未被濾除,,混合噪聲的濾除率高。在K均值算法優(yōu)化方面,,針對算法需預(yù)先確定聚類數(shù)和初始聚類中心的不足,,提出利用斜率變化確定聚類數(shù)的方法,試驗(yàn)對5個(gè)不同距離下5組立木分別進(jìn)行100次測量,,結(jié)果顯示錯(cuò)誤測量次數(shù)僅為3次,,并可在試驗(yàn)前期通過人工方式去除,算法合理有效,;對哈夫曼樹法確定立木掃描點(diǎn)聚類中心的性能進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)分析,,3種不同樹干分布類型下分別運(yùn)用隨機(jī)抽樣法和哈夫曼樹法進(jìn)行K均值聚類,前者平均正確率僅為76.4%,,后者則為95.5%,;同時(shí)分析了Ⅰ型分布下2種算法聚類的迭代次數(shù)和耗時(shí),5個(gè)不同距離下,,隨機(jī)抽樣法的平均迭代次數(shù)明顯高于哈夫曼樹法,,平均運(yùn)行耗時(shí)上,哈夫曼樹法則高于隨機(jī)抽樣法,,前者變化范圍為120~220ms,,后者為50~85ms,該范圍為林區(qū)測繪的可接受范圍,。試驗(yàn)證明,,基于斜率變化確定聚類數(shù)和基于哈夫曼樹法確定聚類中心的K均值算法是林區(qū)立木點(diǎn)云聚類的有效算法,可應(yīng)用于林區(qū)的立木檢測,。

    Abstract:

    In the process of automatic targeted spray in forest region at present, the accuracy and efficiency of point cloud data are all low when the tree trunks grow intensively, aimed at which the optimized K-means clustering algorithm was put forward, and data acquisition method was based on 2D laser detection. In view of the relevant data needed to be filtered before clustering analysis for trunk scanning spots, application of window filtering algorithm was put forward. The edge of trunk which generated mixed pixels was selected, and then the mixed pixels deriving from three adjacent scans and the scanning spots deriving from two scanning angles near the mixed pixel were extracted, finally, the maximum threshold filtering processing for the neighbor spots was done. Through 50 times of extractions and analyses of test data, only two mixed pixels were not filtered, which indicated that the filtering rate of mixed noises was high. Aimed at the defects of cluster number and initial cluster centers for Kmeans algorithm needed to be predetermined, the method of slope variation used to determine the clustering number was firstly proposed. Five groups of trunks were respectively measured for 100 times at five different distances in the test, and results showed that the number of error measurements was only three times, which could be removed by artificial way at the early stage of the test, and it indicated that the slope variation algorithm was reasonable and effective. The performance of Huffman tree method, which was used to determine the clustering centers for the trunk scanning spots, was analyzed in another test, and K-means clustering was carried out by using random sampling method and Huffman tree method under three trunk distribution types. The average correct rate of former was only 76.4%, while that of the latter was 95.5%. Meanwhile, iterations and time-consuming using the two above-mentioned algorithms at type I distribution were analyzed, and the average number of iterations of random sampling method was obviously higher than that of Huffman tree method at five different distances, but the average time-consuming of Huffman tree method was higher than that of random sampling method. The variation range of former was 120~220ms and it was 50~85ms for the latter, which were all in acceptable ranges on forest surveying and mapping. Experiments proved that the determining methods for clustering number based on the slope variation algorithm and clustering centers based on Huffman tree method were effective algorithms for the clustering of trunk scanning spots in forest region during using K-means algorithm, which could be applied to tree trunk detection for actual forest region.

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王亞雄,康峰,李文彬,文劍,鄭永軍.面向立木識別的有效K均值聚類算法研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(3):230-237. WANG Yaxiong, KANG Feng, LI Wenbin, WEN Jian, ZHENG Yongjun. Effective K-means Clustering Algorithm for Tree Trunk Identification[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):230-237.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-11-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-03-10
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