ass日本风韵熟妇pics男人扒开女人屁屁桶到爽|扒开胸露出奶头亲吻视频|邻居少妇的诱惑|人人妻在线播放|日日摸夜夜摸狠狠摸婷婷|制服 丝袜 人妻|激情熟妇中文字幕|看黄色欧美特一级|日本av人妻系列|高潮对白av,丰满岳妇乱熟妇之荡,日本丰满熟妇乱又伦,日韩欧美一区二区三区在线

Fuel spray atomization strongly affected engine economic performance and emissions, which in turn was significantly influenced by nozzle cavitation phenomenon with the high injection pressure in diesel and GDI engine. Aiming to study the influence of noncondensable gases and turbulent pressure fluctuations on modeling of nozzle cavitation, Schnerr and Sauer cavitation model and Singhal cavitation model were used to model nozzle cavitation, which were both coupled with homogeneous equilibrium multiphase model and realizable k-ε turbulence model. Then, the Singhal cavitation model was used to model nozzle cavitation with homogeneous equilibrium model and different turbulence models. The comparison of simulation results and experimental results showed that noncondensable gases and turbulent pressure fluctuations had significant impact on modeling nozzle cavitation. The simulation result ignoring noncondensable gases and turbulent pressure fluctuations seriously underestimated the volume fraction of gas phase in nozzle, which was just 42% of the experimental results, while the volume fraction of gas phase calculated by the one considering turbulent pressure fluctuations and noncondensable gases agreed well with experimental results, which was 96% of the experimental results. The results indicated that considering noncondensable gases and turbulent pressure fluctuations would improve accuracy of nozzle cavitation simulation. The calculated gas phase considering noncondensable gases and turbulent pressure fluctuations was diffused to some extent at the end of gas phase region, which was caused by the expansion of noncondensable gases in fluid. Turbulence viscosity slightly affected the distribution of gas phase by affecting the velocity and pressure of fluid.