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農(nóng)田殘膜污染治理技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與展望
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201503105)和中國工程院咨詢項(xiàng)目(2017-XZ-18)


Research Status and Prospect of Control Technology for Residual Plastic Film Pollution in Farmland
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    摘要:

    地膜覆蓋栽培在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中已被廣泛應(yīng)用,,我國地膜覆蓋種植面積超過2000萬hm2,為作物增產(chǎn)增收和保障我國糧食安全提供了重要支撐,。隨著覆膜年數(shù)和覆膜面積的不斷增加,,廢舊地膜在土壤中的殘留量逐步增多,,殘膜污染已嚴(yán)重威脅到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和自然環(huán)境,成為影響我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的突出問題,。本文對現(xiàn)階段國內(nèi)外殘膜回收技術(shù)及裝備進(jìn)行了分析,,總結(jié)歸納了播前、苗期和秋后收膜的代表機(jī)型及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),,最后概述了國外關(guān)于農(nóng)膜回收和治理的政策法規(guī),,簡述了國家和部分省區(qū)的殘膜污染治理政策,對目前本領(lǐng)域的研究特點(diǎn)和發(fā)展趨勢進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和展望,,提出了適應(yīng)我國國情的殘膜污染治理技術(shù)及方案,。

    Abstract:

    Plastic film mulching cultivation has been widely used in agricultural production due to the benefits such as increasing soil temperature, reducing weed pressure and certain insect pest and improving crop yields. The plastic film mulching area in China is more than 20 million hm2 and this technology provides significant support for the crop yield improvement and food security. Residual plastic film in soil is increased in quantity with the increase of mulching duration and area, and the residual plastic film pollution had seriously threatened agricultural production and natural environment, which has become a prominent problem affecting the sustainable development of agricultural production in China. The technology and equipment of residual plastic film at home and abroad was reviewed, the representative model and structure of residual plastic film collecting machine which used in different periods, including pre-sowing stage, seeding stage and autumn film collection stage were summarized in detail, and their merits and demerits were analyzed. Then the foreign policies and regulations on the collection and management of agricultural plastic film and domestic policies for residual plastic film pollution control were systematically summarized. Finally, the current research feature in this field was summarized and future development direction was shown clearly based on policy, technology and demand of agricultural sustainable development. Corresponding technology and scheme of residual plastic film control for China’s national conditions were proposed as following: replacing ordinary nondegradable film with degradable film; guaranteeing the mechanized collection of ordinary plastic film, especially establishing the completely mechanized collection system for residual plastic film; opening up the new channel for reusing residual plastic film. In conclusion, development of the residual plastic film collecting machine with good quality and high reliability is important guarantees to control residual plastic film pollution, and research on innovative reuse technology of residual film is an inevitable trend.

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趙巖,陳學(xué)庚,溫浩軍,鄭炫,牛琪,康建明.農(nóng)田殘膜污染治理技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與展望[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(6):1-14. ZHAO Yan, CHEN Xuegeng, WEN Haojun, ZHENG Xuan, NIU Qi, KANG Jianming. Research Status and Prospect of Control Technology for Residual Plastic Film Pollution in Farmland[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):1-14.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-06-01
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