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小區(qū)谷物聯(lián)合收獲機氣吹式割臺設計與試驗
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江蘇省政策引導類計劃(產學研合作)項目(BY2016060-01)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務費專項資金項目(KYZ201161)


Design and Experiment on Air Blowing Header of Plot Combine Harvester for Grain
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    摘要:

    為解決現(xiàn)有小區(qū)谷物聯(lián)合收獲機割臺中有殘留,、不易清機等問題,設計了一種采用正面氣流將禾吹彎再切割的氣吹式割臺,。根據(jù)力學原理建立了均勻氣流吹禾模型,,以小麥順利進入割臺而不掉落為要求,計算得氣流支管出口風速為47.35m/s,。以能產生均勻氣流為目標,,通過理論計算得到氣流管道的主要結構參數(shù)為:氣流總管錐度1∶14.29,氣流支管排列間距100mm,。對影響割臺殘留量和損失率的3個關鍵工作參數(shù):氣流支管出口與割刀的垂直和水平距離,、氣流支管出口與水平夾角進行了單因素試驗和正交試驗。單因素試驗表明:氣流支管出口與割刀的垂直和水平距離在15~27cm內對割臺損失率的影響呈現(xiàn)先降后升的趨勢,,氣流支管與水平夾角對割臺損失率和殘留量的影響先緩慢減小,,后增加較快。正交試驗表明:最優(yōu)組合為氣流支管出口與割刀的水平距離21cm,、氣流支管出口與割刀的垂直距離21cm,、氣流支管出口與水平的夾角10°,此時總損失率為0.88%,,割臺殘留量為1.21g,。氣吹式割臺殘留量少,總損失率低,,達到了小區(qū)小麥種子收獲技術要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve some matters on residual seeds on header and clean the header during harvesting grain seed on the plot by using combine harvester of grain, an air blowing header, by that front airflow bent wheat and then cutter knife cut the wheat stalk, was designed. A blowing cereal model with uniform air flow velocity was established according to mechanics principle. The calculated air flow velocity of branch pipe outlet was more than 47.35m/s under condition of the cut wheat smoothly entering into the harvester header without dropping. According to the theory of static regain design method of multiplebranch duct system, these calculated main structure parameters of airflow pipe which generated uniform air flow in each branch pipe were taper of air flow main pipe of 1∶14.29 and interval distance of air flow branch pipe of 100mm. Three key parameters, including vertical and horizontal distances between cutting knife and air flow branch pipe outlet, the angle between air flow branch pipe and level, that affected header residual amount and total loss rate, were regarded as experimental factors for conducting single factor and multi-factors orthogonal experiments. The single factor experiments showed that the total loss rate of header with firstly increase and then decrease was made by the vertical and horizontal distances between cutting knife and outlet of air flow branch pipe within a scope of 15~27cm.The residues on the header were little affected by horizontal distance between cutting knife and outlet of air flow branch pipe causes. But there was larger effect on the residues on the header for the vertical distance between cutting knife and outlet of air flow branch pipe. The higher the vertical distance was, the more residues were, and even wheat ear was left. The residual and total loss rate of header slowly decreased in 0°~10°, but rapidly increased in 10°~20°, which was made by the angle between air flow branch pipe and level. The orthogonal experiments demonstrated that the effect of the angle between air flow branch pipe and level on total loss rate of header and residual amount was the greatest. The vertical distance between cutting knife and outlet of air flow branch pipe was 21cm, horizontal distance between cutting knife and outlet of air flow branch pipe was 21cm,and the angle between air flow branch pipe and level of 10° was the optimal orthogonal experiments combination. The total loss rate was 0.88% and the header residue was 1.21g under the optimal orthogonal experiments combination. The developed air blowing header with small header residual amount and low total loss rate achieved the technical requirements of the plot harvesting wheat seed.

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李毅念,易應武,杜世偉,丁啟朔,丁為民.小區(qū)谷物聯(lián)合收獲機氣吹式割臺設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2017,48(6):79-87. LI Yinian, YI Yingwu, DU Shiwei, DING Qishuo, DING Weimin. Design and Experiment on Air Blowing Header of Plot Combine Harvester for Grain[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):79-87.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-09-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-01-04
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