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基于組合模型的遼寧省玉米水分盈虧量時空分布特征研究
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國家自然科學基金項目(31570706)、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201303125)和遼寧省特聘教授專項


Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Maize Water Budget Based on Combined Model in Liaoning Province
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    摘要:

    根據(jù)遼寧省27個氣象站1955—2014年逐日氣象數(shù)據(jù)與相關(guān)玉米生長資料,,對遼寧省不同區(qū)域玉米生育期需水量,、水分盈虧量的確定方法及其時空分布特征進行深入分析,。結(jié)果表明,,遼寧省玉米生育期需水量以遼西最高(大于380mm),遼南最低(小于345mm),。玉米的水分盈虧量從西北至東南依次增加,,其中遼西地區(qū)虧水現(xiàn)象普遍存在。不同地區(qū)年際水分盈虧量均呈逐漸下降趨勢,,其中遼西,、遼北地區(qū)下降趨勢顯著(UF<U0.05/2=1.96),遼中地區(qū)下降極其顯著(UF=-2.89<U0.01/2=-2.58),,下降速率達19.465mm/10a,。大部分研究站點(55.6%~81.5%),典型年法計算的水分盈虧量要高于虛擬年法,。不同水文年,,2種方法計算結(jié)果一致性由好到差依次為:豐水年、干旱年,、特旱年和平水年,,且對于大部分研究站點(48%~74%),2種方法計算結(jié)果的差異小于30mm,。為了提高計算精度,,采用組合模型對遼寧省玉米水分盈虧量進行計算,,結(jié)果表明隨著水文頻率的增加(水文年型由豐水年變?yōu)樘睾的辏|寧省出現(xiàn)水分虧缺的區(qū)域逐漸增大,,在豐水年,,僅遼西的朝陽地區(qū)出現(xiàn)水分虧缺,而在特旱年,,除遼東的本溪,、丹東一帶,全省大部分區(qū)域均存在不同程度的水分虧缺,。

    Abstract:

    Water budget is an essential parameter for crop water management and optimal allocation of the regional agricultural water resources. Longterm observations of meteorological data were collected from 1955 to 2014 in 27 agricultural meteorological stations in Liaoning Province, and relevant physiological information of maize was also recorded. Through analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of evapotranspiration (ET) and water budget of maize, the results were got as follows: ET of maize reached the highest in west of Liaoning Province (greater than 380mm), while the lowest was obtained in south of Liaoning Province (less than 345mm). The trend of water budget was increased from northwest to southeast of Liaoning Province, and water deficit was quite common in western part. There was a decreasing trend of yearly water budget within the whole Liaoning Province, which significantly happened in west and north of Liaoning Province (UF<U0.05/2=1.96),,and very significantly happened in middle of Liaoning Province (UF =-2.89<U0.01/2=-2.58),their decrease rate reached 19.465mm/10a. Water budget determined by the typical year method were higher than that determined by the virtual year method in most of the research sites (55.6%~81.5%). Among different hydrological years, the consistence of the results from high to low showed as follows: wet year, dry year, drought year and normal year. Besides, their difference was found to be lower than 30mm in most of the research sites (48%~74%). In order to improve the accuracy of corn water budget in Liaoning Province, a combination model was used. The results showed that with the increase of hydrological frequency (from wet to dry of hydrological year), regions showing water deficit were increased gradually. There was only water deficit in Chaoyang region in wet year, but in drought years it was widely expanded to the whole province except Benxi City and Dandong City in east of Liaoning Province.

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魏新光,王鐵良,劉春成,聶真義,李波,姚名澤.基于組合模型的遼寧省玉米水分盈虧量時空分布特征研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2017,48(6):193-202. WEI Xinguang, WANG Tieliang, LIU Chuncheng, NIE Zhenyi, LI Bo, YAO Mingze. Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Maize Water Budget Based on Combined Model in Liaoning Province[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):193-202.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-10-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-02-13
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