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微潤管出流特性和流量預(yù)報方法研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC0400202)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51679205)


Prediction Methods and Characteristics of Flow for Moistube
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    摘要:

    為探明影響微潤管流量的主要因素,,確定微潤管壓力與流量關(guān)系,,通過田間試驗,,研究不同土壤初始質(zhì)量含水率(13.83%,、15.49%,、16.27%,、17.72%)和不同土壤容重(1.18,、1.21,、1.24、1.26g/cm3)條件下不同壓力水頭(0,、0.1,、0.3、0.7,、1.1,、2.1m)對微潤管流量的影響。結(jié)果表明:微潤管流量隨土壤質(zhì)量含水率變化有一定的自我調(diào)節(jié)作用,,但微潤管流量受土壤質(zhì)量含水率變化影響較小,,自我調(diào)節(jié)時間約為44h,。隨著灌水時間增加,微潤管流量呈先快速增加再減小后趨于穩(wěn)定平緩的趨勢,,灌水后約48h趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),。工作壓力、土壤容重和初始質(zhì)量含水率均對微潤管流量有顯著影響,,在一定工作壓力范圍內(nèi)(0~2.1m水頭),,壓力與流量呈顯著性線性關(guān)系(P<0.05),模型決定系數(shù)R2大于0.85,,隨土壤初始質(zhì)量含水率與容重增加,,微潤管流量呈減小趨勢,微潤管流量變化對工作壓力的敏感度逐漸下降,;在壓力與流量線性回歸模型中微潤管的流量系數(shù)和壓力為零的流量b均非單純由產(chǎn)品自身特性決定,,土壤初始質(zhì)量含水率和容重與流量系數(shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.05),容重與壓力為零的流量均存在顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.05),,可用土壤初始質(zhì)量含水率和容重確定流量系數(shù)和壓力為零時的流量值,,最終實現(xiàn)微潤灌出流預(yù)報。通過灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),,壓力是影響微潤管流量的最主要因素,,土壤容重次之,土壤初始質(zhì)量含水率對微潤管流量影響最小,。

    Abstract:

    In order to understand the main factors influencing the flow of moistube and determine the relationship between flow and pressure, in the case of different soil initial mass moisture contents(13.83%, 15.49%, 16.27% and 17.72%)and soil bulk densities(1.18g/cm3, 1.21g/cm3, 1.24g/cm3.and 1.26g/cm3), the completely random experiment design in field of arable land was used to test the influence of different pressures (0m, 0.1m, 0.3m, 0.7m, 1.1m and 2.1m) on moistube flow. The results showed that the moistube had a weak and short duration of selfregulation function of flow with the change of soil moisture content, which was about 44h. The moistube flow was increased quickly and then decreased to steady state, the soil moisture content was increased and then tended to stable state at the beginning of irrigation, it would be in steady state when after 48h of irrigation. Moistube flow was significantly influenced by pressure, soil bulk density and soil initial mass moisture content. Moistube flow was mainly controlled by pressure, there was a significantly liner relationship between pressure and flow within a certain range (the water head was varied from 0m to 2.1m), the determination coefficient R2>0.85, when soil initial mass moisture content and bulk density was increased, moistube flow kept a downtrend, meanwhile the moistube flow change on the sensitivity of the working pressure was gradually decreased. Moistube flow coefficient k and flow b with zero pressure were not simply determined by the moistube’s characteristics in the model of liner relationship between pressure and flow. The soil initial mass moisture content and bulk density with moistube flow coefficient k showed a significant negative correlation respectively (P<0.05), bulk density with flow b with zero pressure had a significant negative correlation (P<0.05), Moistube flow coefficient k and flow bwith zero pressure can be determined by soil initial mass moisture content and bulk density, thus the moistube flow can be predicted. According to correlation analysis and variance analysis, pressure was the most important factor affecting the moistube flow, then the soil bulk density and soil initial mass moisture content was the least.

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牛文全,張明智,許健,鄒小陽,張若嬋,李元.微潤管出流特性和流量預(yù)報方法研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2017,48(6):217-224,,241. NIU Wenquan, ZHANG Mingzhi, XU Jian, ZOU Xiaoyang, ZHANG Ruochan, LI Yuan. Prediction Methods and Characteristics of Flow for Moistube[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):217-224,241.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-09-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-11-20
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