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秸稈撿拾粉碎掩埋復(fù)式還田機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201503136),、教育部創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(IRT13039)和江蘇省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備與技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心項(xiàng)目(NZXT02201601)


Design and Experiment on Straw Pickup-chopping and Ditch-burying Integrated Machine
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    摘要:

    針對黃淮海地區(qū)存在玉米秸稈量大,、后續(xù)播種難度大等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種秸稈撿拾粉碎掩埋復(fù)式還田機(jī),,能一次完成秸稈撿拾,、粉碎,、輸送和開溝掩埋等作業(yè)。應(yīng)用典型彈齒滾筒式撿拾裝置工作原理,,通過彈齒撿拾秸稈過程的分析,,確定了彈齒滾筒式撿拾裝置的導(dǎo)軌中心線軌跡和撿拾相位,并對彈齒進(jìn)行了基于實(shí)際作業(yè)情況的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,,其運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡與速度變化規(guī)律能夠滿足撿拾秸稈的需求,。采用動(dòng)定刀支撐切割方式粉碎秸稈,并利用粉碎腔體內(nèi)的高速氣流和置于腔體后側(cè)的擋草板,,實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈掩埋還田比例調(diào)節(jié)和部分秸稈拋撒還田,。開溝裝置,、秸稈輸送導(dǎo)向裝置出草口和圓盤覆土裝置從前向后依次布置,,順序完成開溝、秸稈入溝和覆土掩埋工序,。田間試驗(yàn)表明,,當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為3km/h時(shí),秸稈撿拾率為93.5%,,粉碎長度合格率為92.6%,,開溝深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)為95.0%,秸稈入溝率與預(yù)先設(shè)定的掩埋比例基本一致,,各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)滿足技術(shù)要求,。

    Abstract:

    In Huang-Huai-Hai area, the large amount of maize straw cover resulted in increasing difficulties in winter wheat sowing, and an integrated machine was developed to pick up, crush and bury the corn straw at single operation to cope with this problem. The trace and phase position of the guideway centerline of spring-finger cylinder pickup device were determined based on the working principle and working process analysis of the typical spring-finger cylinder pickup device. A kinematic analysis on spring-finger was carried out under practical condition, and changes in both movement trajectory and speed were able to meet the requirements. Straw was chopped with a fixed knife and a high-speed rotating knife, while the high-speed air flow within the crushing chamber that formed by the rotation of the chopping roller, as well as the baffle plates placed in the back of the crushing chamber, were used to adjust the proportion of the straw to be buried and scatter the partial straw from the places without baffle plates to the surface of ground. Ditching device, the outlet of straw guided-conveying device and the disc covering device were arranged from front to back, so as to sequentially complete ditching, straw-disposing and soil-covering. As indicated in the field experiment, the straw picking up rate was 93.5%, the qualification rate of straw chopping length was 92.6%, the trench depth stability ratio was 95.0% when at a operation speed of 3km/h, the proportion of straw that had been buried into the ditch was in accordance with the pre-set proportion, which showed that the proportion of the buried straw can be adjusted successfully through different widths of the baffle plates. As a consequence, all the technical indicators of this machine succeeded in meeting the technical requirements.

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鄭智旗,何進(jìn),王慶杰,李洪文,李問盈,陳婉芝.秸稈撿拾粉碎掩埋復(fù)式還田機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(7):87-96. ZHENG Zhiqi, HE Jin, WANG Qingjie, LI Hongwen, LI Wenying, CHEN Wanzhi. Design and Experiment on Straw Pickup-chopping and Ditch-burying Integrated Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):87-96.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-10-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-07-10
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