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調(diào)虧灌溉下滴灌玉米根冠生長與水分動態(tài)響應(yīng)特征
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2014BAD12B01)


Characteristics of Water Dynamic Response and Growth of Root and Crown of Maize under Drip Irrigation of Regulated Deficit Irrigation
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    摘要:

    以玉米為試驗材料,在自動感應(yīng)式遮雨棚下,,采用測坑微區(qū)試驗方法,,研究黑龍江西部滴灌條件下調(diào)虧灌溉對作物根冠生長,、干物質(zhì)分配特征、根冠比,、耗水特征及植株傷流量的影響,。以土壤相對含水率(占田間持水率的百分?jǐn)?shù))為控制上下限,設(shè)置5個水分調(diào)虧處理,,分別為苗期輕度(60%~70%FC)處理,,苗期中度(50%~60%FC)處理,拔節(jié)期輕度(60%~70%FC)處理,,拔節(jié)期中度(50%~60%FC)處理,,苗期中度、拔節(jié)期輕度處理,,另設(shè)全生育期保持適宜土壤水分(70%~80%FC)作為對照,。試驗結(jié)果表明,調(diào)虧灌溉不改變玉米根部和冠部生長的原有總趨勢,,也不改變冠部各器官生長的基本趨勢,,但是顯著地增大了作物根冠比(R/S),復(fù)水后根,、冠補(bǔ)償生長效應(yīng)明顯,促進(jìn)光合同化產(chǎn)物向生殖器官的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)與分配,,增大了生育后期干物質(zhì)向果穗的分配率,。苗期中度處理和拔節(jié)期輕度處理的玉米,在調(diào)虧期間使根系維持較高的根質(zhì)量,,水分脅迫復(fù)水后根系活力明顯提高,,其傷流量表現(xiàn)出超補(bǔ)償效應(yīng),在灌漿期仍保持較高的傷流量并且在生育后期仍保持有較高的根冠比(R/S),,是協(xié)調(diào)玉米根冠生長關(guān)系的適宜水分調(diào)虧處理,。

    Abstract:

    The experiment with micro plots under automatically inductive type of rain preventing condition was carried out to analyze the influence of regulated deficit irrigation on root and crown growth, characteristics of dry matter distribution, water consumption, root-shoot ratio and the wound flow of maize plant. Choosing the relative water content (the percent of field water-holding rate ) of soil as the upper and lower controlling limits, five treatments of water deficit were set, which were respectively the mild treatment(60%~70%FC) and the moderate treatment (50%~60%FC) at seedling stage, the mild treatment (60%~70%FC) and the moderate treatment (50%~60%FC) at jointing stage, moderate treatment at seedling stage and mild treatment at jointing stage, and the appropriate water content (70%~80%FC)was set as control in the whole growth period. The result showed that the regulated deficit irrigation did not change the total tendency of growth of root and crown of maize and the basic tendency of the growth of different organs in crown, but it increased the root-shoot ratio of plant and the distribution ratio of dry matters to ear in later stage of growth obviously, accelerated the transportation and distribution of photoassimilate to reproductive organs and enhanced the compensatory growth of root and crown after rehydration. The mild and moderate treatments at seedling stage of maize sustained higher root quality during deficit period, remarkably increased the root activity after rehydration, showed super compensatory effect of wound flow, kept higher wound flow at filling stage and sustained higher root-shoot ratio in later growth period, which was the appropriate water deficit treatment for coordinating the relationship of the growth of root and crown of maize.

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魏永霞,馬瑛瑛,馮鼎瑞,熊建,張雨鳳,張翼鵬.調(diào)虧灌溉下滴灌玉米根冠生長與水分動態(tài)響應(yīng)特征[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(7):180-188. WEI Yongxia, MA Yingying, FENG Dingrui, XIONG Jian, ZHANG Yufeng, ZHANG Yipeng. Characteristics of Water Dynamic Response and Growth of Root and Crown of Maize under Drip Irrigation of Regulated Deficit Irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):180-188.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-11-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-07-10
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