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秸稈生物炭對(duì)黑土區(qū)坡耕地生產(chǎn)能力影響分析與評(píng)價(jià)
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Analysis and Evaluation of Influence of Straw Biochar on Soil Productivity of Sloping Land in Black Soil Region
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    摘要:

    采用徑流小區(qū)試驗(yàn),,選取不施用生物炭(CK),、生物炭施用量25t/hm2(T1),、50t/hm2(T2)、75t/hm2(T3)和100t/hm2(T4)5個(gè)處理,,分析生物炭施用量對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)、持水能力,、水土保持效應(yīng),、節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)等能夠反映土地生產(chǎn)能力的指標(biāo)的影響,建立基于Gumbel Copula函數(shù)的不同生物炭施用量下黑土區(qū)坡耕地生產(chǎn)能力評(píng)價(jià)模型,,結(jié)果表明:隨著生物炭施用量的增加,,土壤容重降低,孔隙度增大,,養(yǎng)分分布更為均勻,,土壤有效P、速效K,、pH值和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量呈線性遞增趨勢,,土壤銨態(tài)N含量呈指數(shù)增長;土壤飽和含水率,、田間持水量,、凋萎系數(shù)和有效水最大含量均與生物炭施用量正相關(guān),且高施炭量處理對(duì)于土壤水分的影響程度明顯高于低施炭量處理,;隨著生物炭施用量的增加,,年徑流深和土壤侵蝕量均呈線性遞減,減流率和減沙率均呈對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)遞增,,而大豆產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率則先增后減,,呈拋物線型變化?;贕umbel Copula函數(shù)計(jì)算的土地生產(chǎn)能力評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果較為理想,,計(jì)算的土地生產(chǎn)能力指數(shù)隨生物炭施用量的增加呈“S型”曲線遞增,土壤理化性質(zhì),、持水能力和水土保持效應(yīng)指數(shù)均呈線性遞增,,而節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)指數(shù)則呈拋物線型先增后減。

    Abstract:

    With different biochar amount levels of 0t/hm2, 25t/hm2, 50t/hm2, 75t/hm2 and 100t/hm2, the runoff plots experiments were conducted to study the influences of biochar supply on the indexes of soil physicochemical properties, water holding capacity, soil and water conservation and the effects of water-saving and yield-increasing, and a model was established based on Gumbel Copula function for black soil productivity evaluation under different straw biochar amounts. The results showed that with the increase of straw biochar amount, the soil bulk density was decreased and porosity were increased, the soil nutrients distribution was uniform. Available P and K, pH value and organic matter content were increased linearly, and ammonium N was increased exponentially. Saturated soil moisture, field capacity, wilting coefficient and the maximum effective water content were all in positive correlation with the straw biochar amount, and the influence degree of high biochar amount on soil moisture was more significant than that of low biochar amount. With the increase of straw biochar amount, the amounts of annual runoff and soil erosion were all decreased linearly, the reduction rates of runoff and sediments were increased logarithmically, while the soybean yield and water use efficiency were increased firstly and then decreased like a parabola going downwards. The evaluation model based on Gumbel Copula function was used to evaluate the soil productivity under different straw biochar amounts, and the result was reasonable. The soil productivity index calculated by the model was increased with the increase of straw biochar amount in an S-shaped curve, the indexes of soil physicochemical properties, water holding capacity, effect of soil and water conservation were increased linearly, and the indexes of water-saving and yield-increasing were increased firstly and then decreased in a parabola shape. 

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吳昱,趙雨森,劉慧,王艷陽,馮鼎銳.秸稈生物炭對(duì)黑土區(qū)坡耕地生產(chǎn)能力影響分析與評(píng)價(jià)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(7):247-256. WU Yu, ZHAO Yusen, LIU Hui, WANG Yanyang, FENG Dingrui. Analysis and Evaluation of Influence of Straw Biochar on Soil Productivity of Sloping Land in Black Soil Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):247-256.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-12-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-07-10
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