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土地覆被變化對徑流量影響的GSAC模型分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51109037),、農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)水資源高效利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放課題項(xiàng)目(2015001、2015003)和黑龍江教育廳科學(xué)技術(shù)研究項(xiàng)目(12531051)


Impacts of Land Cover Change on Runoff Based on Grid-based Sacramento Model
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    摘要:

    針對我國高寒區(qū)水文模型研究中基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)缺乏,、現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)空分辨率不高、蒸散發(fā)和積雪融雪難于定量計(jì)算等問題,,選擇基于柵格的薩克拉門托(GSAC)模型,,通過設(shè)定不同的土地覆被變化情景,定量分析土地覆被變化對徑流量的影響,,并推求了寶清站枯水期流量,。結(jié)果表明:率定參數(shù)后的GSAC模型在模擬位于寒區(qū)的寶清河流域日流量過程中,率定期和驗(yàn)證期的決定系數(shù)平均值為0.7329,,較好地再現(xiàn)了該流域1997—2001年逐日的流量過程,;退耕還草、還林均會引起年徑流量的增大,,增幅在3.09%~44.85%之間,,且退耕還草對流量的影響更大;退耕還草,、還林的坡度與流域出口斷面的流量具有負(fù)相關(guān)性,,即坡度越小,流量越大,;坡度超過15°的耕地還草后的平均流量與該區(qū)域的生態(tài)需水量最為接近,。

    Abstract:

    In cold region of China, problems exist in the study of hydrological models, including lack of basic data, low spatial and temporal resolution of available data and the difficulty of quantitative calculating evapotranspiration, snow cover and snow melting. In response, grid-based Sacramento (GSAC) model was selected, different land cover change scenarios were set, effects of land cover change on runoff were analyzed quantitatively, and runoff in dry season was predicted. Results showed that in simulating the daily runoff of Baoqing River Watershed in cold region with model which had parameters calibrated, the average determination coefficient was 0.7329 during the periods of calibration and validation, which well reproduced the daily runoff of this watershed during 1997—2001;returning farmland to grassland or forest can both increase the annual runoff, with the growth rate between 3.09% and 44.85%, and the growth rate of returning farmland to grassland had more influence on runoff;the steepness of land returned to grassland or forest had negative correlation with the runoff at the watershed export section, i.e., the smaller the slope was, the greater the flow was;the average runoff of farmland with steepness over 15° after being returned to grassland was similar with the ecological water demand in this area.

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白雪峰,王斌,戚穎.土地覆被變化對徑流量影響的GSAC模型分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(7):257-264. BAI Xuefeng, WANG Bin, QI Ying. Impacts of Land Cover Change on Runoff Based on Grid-based Sacramento Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):257-264.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-10-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-07-10
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