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苜蓿生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析
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現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(CARS-34)


Review of Alfalfa Full-mechanized Production Technology
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    摘要:

    苜蓿是優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草之一,,隨著“糧-經(jīng)-草”三元結(jié)構(gòu)到“糧-經(jīng)-畜-草”四元結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展模式的擴(kuò)大,國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)苜蓿的需求量日漸增大。為了向我國(guó)苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供參考和支持,提出了適宜我國(guó)國(guó)情的苜蓿生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)模式,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外苜蓿機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了概述,,并進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和分析,。我國(guó)苜蓿生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)模式包含苜蓿種子工程,、土地整理,、播種、田間管理,、刈割收獲,、儲(chǔ)藏運(yùn)輸和草產(chǎn)品加工7種機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)工藝,30多個(gè)具體的機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)。目前,,我國(guó)已經(jīng)初步形成了適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的苜蓿生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)體系,,但與國(guó)外苜蓿機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)還存在一定差距,存在生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)展不均衡,,機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)存在短板,,產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度低,基礎(chǔ)性研究落后,,生產(chǎn)工藝與機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)聯(lián)動(dòng)性差,,以及生產(chǎn)裝備適用性與可靠性低等問題。構(gòu)建完整的苜蓿生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)體系,,發(fā)展具有中國(guó)特色的苜蓿機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)體系,,加強(qiáng)土壤-苜蓿-機(jī)具相互作用關(guān)系理論技術(shù)體系研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)苜蓿生產(chǎn)機(jī)械集成化,、智能化,,將是我國(guó)苜蓿機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)體系的發(fā)展方向。

    Abstract:

    Alfalfa is one kind of high-quality forage grass. With the development pattern expanding from food crop-commercial crop-forage, ternary structure, to food crop-commercial crop-livestock-forage,,quaternary structure, the domestic demand for alfalfa is increasing. In order to provide references and supports for the development of alfalfa industry in China, and propose appropriate full-mechanized alfalfa production development patterns which are suitable for China, the present situation of alfalfa mechanized production technology in China and foreign countries were reviewed, summarized and analyzed. The full-mechanized alfalfa production technical pattern included seven mechanized production technology, i.e. alfalfa seed project, cultivation, sowing, field management, high-quality harvest, storage and transportation, and forage products processing, with more than thirty production links. For now, a suitable mechanization technology system for alfalfa production has initially formed in China, which means that available equipment could be found and used during the production operation with not completing machine matching, high production cost and low-efficiency problems. Certain gaps about the alfalfa mechanized production technology existed between China and foreign countries. Issues of uneven development of production processes, short boards in the mechanized production technology, low industrialization, basic research backward, poor linkage and reliability of equipment of the mechanized production operation still existed. Establishing a complete full-mechanized technology system for alfalfa production, developing a special alfalfa mechanization technology system with Chinese characteristics, strengthening theoretical system research of soil-alfalfa-machine interaction, and realizing alfalfa production machinery with integration as well as intellectualization,would be the development direction of alfalfa mechanized production technology system in China.

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王德成,賀長(zhǎng)彬,武紅劍,尤泳,王光輝.苜蓿生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(8):1-25. WANG Decheng, HE Changbin, WU Hongjian, YOU Yong, WANG Guanghui. Review of Alfalfa Full-mechanized Production Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):1-25.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-06-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-08-10
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