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云南省降雨侵蝕力時空分布與演變趨勢研究
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503119-01-01)


Spatial-temporal Distribution and Trend of Rainfall Erosivity in Yunnan Province
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    摘要:

    由于生態(tài)環(huán)境演變及人類活動的影響,云南地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境極度脆弱,,土壤侵蝕強度大,,侵蝕程度嚴重,。降雨侵蝕力(R)是采用USLE/RUSLE模型進行土壤侵蝕評估的重要參數(shù),,但目前針對云南地區(qū)R值的計算模型及適宜性方面的研究較少,。本研究采用昆明氣象站1951—2010年共60a逐日降雨數(shù)據(jù),,對中國南方地區(qū)常用的5種R計算模型在云南地區(qū)的適宜性進行分析,,篩選出適宜云南地區(qū)的R計算模型,并基于均勻分布于云南省的36個國家基本氣象站1951—2012年降雨觀測數(shù)據(jù),,分析云南省降雨侵蝕力時空分布與演變特征,。研究表明: 在5種降雨侵蝕力計算模型中,模型B具有較好的穩(wěn)定性,,且有效系數(shù)(Ef)最大,,相對偏差系數(shù)(Er)最小,在云南地區(qū)有較好的適宜性,。云南地區(qū)多年平均降雨量為1106.84mm,,7個分區(qū)多年平均降雨量分布在745.83~1533.33mm之間,不同地區(qū)降雨量分布不均勻,,季節(jié)分布集中在夏季,,降雨空間分布呈現(xiàn)出自西南向東北遞減的趨勢。云南地區(qū)多年平均R為2719.31MJ·mm/(hm2·h),,7個分區(qū)多年平均R分布在1837.23~3949.12MJ·mm/(hm2·h)之間,,季節(jié)分布集中在夏季,空間分布也表現(xiàn)出自西南向東北遞減的趨勢,。7個分區(qū)降雨侵蝕力趨勢系數(shù)分布在-0.34~-0.02之間,,各分區(qū)近60a來降雨侵蝕力均呈現(xiàn)出減小趨勢。本研究可為云南水土生態(tài)環(huán)境建設和土壤侵蝕模型構(gòu)建提供借鑒和參考,。

    Abstract:

    Due to ecological changes and human activities, the ecological environment has become extremely fragile with the soil seriously eroded. Rainfall erosivity (R) is an important parameter for forecasting soil erosion by using the USLE/RUSLE. However, there were few studies focusing on the suitability of simple R calculation models for Yunnan Province. Using the daily rainfall data from 1951 to 2010 in Kunming, a suitable calculation model of R for Yunnan Province were selected according to suitability analysis on five models which were commonly used in the southern parts of China, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall and rainfall erosivity were also analyzed according to rainfall data collected by 36 meteorological stations distributed evenly in Yunnan Province. Through the suitability analysis, in the five kinds of rainfall erosivity calculation models, model B was the most suitable ones for Yunnan Province because of its better stability, the largest effective coefficient (Ef) and the smallest relative deviation (Er). Yunnan Province recorded an average annual rainfall of 1106.84mm, and the average annual rainfall of seven regions changed between 745.8mm and 1533.3mm.The distribution of rainfall in different seasons was not uniform, and the rainfall was mainly concentrated in summer which accounted for 53.97% of annual rainfall. Rainfall was unevenly distributed in different regions, which showed a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast in Yunnan Province. The average annual rainfall erosivity of Yunnan Province was 2719.31MJ·mm/(hm2·h), and the average annual rainfall erosivity of seven regions ranged between 1837.23MJ·mm/(hm2·h) and 3949.12MJ·mm/(hm2·h). The seasonal distribution of rainfall erosivity was uneven. Rainfall erosivity was concentrated in summer which accounted for 67.06% of annual rainfall erosivity. There was also a significant difference in the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity, and it also showed a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. The trend index of rainfall erosivity varied from -0.34 to -0.02,,which showed a decreasing tendency in nearly 60 years in different regions. This paper could provide some references for improving soil and water ecological environment and developing soil erosion models of Yunnan Province.

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陳正發(fā),史東梅,何偉,夏建榮,金慧芳,婁義寶.云南省降雨侵蝕力時空分布與演變趨勢研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2017,48(10):209-219. CHEN Zhengfa, SHI Dongmei, HE Wei, XIA Jianrong, JIN Huifang, LOU Yibao. Spatial-temporal Distribution and Trend of Rainfall Erosivity in Yunnan Province[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):209-219.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-06-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-10-10
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