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山核桃破殼機(jī)加載錘頭設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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Design and Test on Hammerhead of Pecan Shell-breaking Machine
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有的山核桃破殼機(jī)多采用點(diǎn),、線等單一的加載接觸形式進(jìn)行破殼,,使得工作過程中山核桃受力大小分布不均,,從而導(dǎo)致低破殼率,、高果仁損傷率的現(xiàn)象,設(shè)計(jì)了多種不同加載接觸形式的錘頭類型,,以山核桃破殼后破殼率,、果仁損傷率,、露仁率,、裂紋分布為評價指標(biāo),通過試驗(yàn)探究了不同加載接觸形式下的破殼效果,。通過有限元分析探究了不同窩眼個數(shù)的錘頭對破殼過程中裂紋分布和擴(kuò)展的影響,,并以錘頭結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和加載方向?yàn)樵囼?yàn)因素進(jìn)行了正交試驗(yàn),確定了最佳錘頭結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,凹槽式錘頭結(jié)構(gòu)能夠降低加載方向因素對破殼效果影響的顯著性;凹槽中附加的窩眼能夠使破殼后的果殼產(chǎn)生大量局部裂紋點(diǎn),,并沿窩眼棱線擴(kuò)展產(chǎn)生裂紋,,具有裂紋引導(dǎo)作用;窩眼個數(shù)增加,,山核桃破殼后的裂紋數(shù)增加且裂紋分布均勻,、范圍廣,有效提高了山核桃的破殼質(zhì)量,;當(dāng)凹槽直徑為28mm,,窩眼個數(shù)為7時,,破殼效果最理想,破殼率,、一露仁率,、二露仁率、果仁損傷率的均值分別為98.88%,、37.05%,、57.24%、5.71%,。

    Abstract:

    At present, it is universally acknowledged that the mechanical shell-breaking method is regarded as the main research strategies in the process of pecan shell-breaking equipment design. The design and improvement of shell-breaking method and principle had been studied extensively. However, in each kind of shell-breaking method, the research on the loading contact form between the broken shell mechanism and the pecan was neglected. Whether in the study of pecan shell-breaking principle and method or the design of mechanical equipment, the load which was provided with a single contact form was bore for pecan, such as point load or line load. In the course of processing, the size of the shell-breaking force was prone to cause the partial breakage of the shell or the serious damage of the nut, which led to the phenomenon of low shell-breaking rate and high nut damage rate. Therefore, the groove shape hammerhead with sockets was developed. The hammerhead structures of different loading contact form were designed. And the shell-breaking effect on different loading contact form was researched by test. When the pecan was broken, the shell-breaking rate, nut damage rate and exposure nut rate of pecan were deemed as evaluation index. The crack distributions which were formed of three hammerheads in different loading directions were compared and analyzed. The finite element analysis software Abaqus was used to research the distribution and propagation of crack in the process of the shell-breaking, which considered the structure of the hammerhead with four different numbers of sockets as the variable. The orthogonal test which considered the structure parameters of the hammerhead and the loading direction as experimental factors was designed and used to determine the optimum combination. The results showed that the structure of the hammerhead in the groove shape can reduce the influence of the loading direction factor on the shell-breaking effect. Containing a plurality of sockets can make the pecan shell generate a large number of local crack points which extended along the tangent line of the socket to produce and extend crack. This structure can act as a crack guide. With the increase of number of sockets, the crack distribution of the pecan shell was uniform and the range was wide. This structure can improve the quality of shell-breaking. When the groove diameter was 28mm, the number of sockets was 7, the most satisfactory shell-breaking effects were obtained, which generated the shell-breaking rate of 98.88%, the first grade nut rate of 37.05%, the second grade nut rate of 57.24%, and the nut damage rate of 5.71%.

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曹成茂,蔣蘭,吳崇友,李正,汪天宇,丁冉.山核桃破殼機(jī)加載錘頭設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(10):307-315. CAO Chengmao, JIANG Lan, WU Chongyou, LI Zheng, WANG Tianyu, DING Ran. Design and Test on Hammerhead of Pecan Shell-breaking Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):307-315.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-06-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-10-10
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