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鏟齒組合式殘膜撿拾裝置設計與試驗優(yōu)化
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農業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201503105)和中國工程院咨詢項目(2017-XZ-18)


Design and Test Optimization on Spade and Tine Combined Residual Plastic Film Device
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    摘要:

    針對新疆平作區(qū)棉花殘膜回收機起膜、拾膜分步作業(yè)造成殘膜回收率低、含雜率高的問題,,提出了起膜,、拾膜協(xié)同作業(yè)的思路,設計了一種鏟齒組合式(同步起膜,、拾膜)殘膜回收裝置。通過對起膜鏟起膜機理進行分析,,確定了起膜鏟導曲面參數(shù)方程和主要結構參數(shù),;通過對撿拾滾筒拾膜過程運動及受力分析,,確定了拾膜齒桿能夠“扎”起殘膜的必要條件。運用Design-Expert 8.0.6數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件中心組合試驗方法對組合式殘膜撿拾裝置的關鍵參數(shù)進行了試驗,,建立了起膜鏟入土角,、撿拾滾筒轉速、機具前進速度與殘膜回收率和含雜率的三元二次回歸模型,。采用非線性優(yōu)化計算方法,,對影響因素進行綜合優(yōu)化計算。試驗結果表明:當起膜鏟入土角為30°,、拾膜滾筒轉速為120r/min,、機具前進速度為1.0m/s時,殘膜回收率為90.3%,,含雜率為4.1%,,比起膜、拾膜分步作業(yè)條件下的殘膜回收率提高了5.3個百分點,,含雜率降低了4.8個百分點,。試驗指標均達到了國家和行業(yè)標準要求,試驗結果滿足設計要求,。

    Abstract:

    Plastic film mulching cultivation technique has the characteristics of increasing temperature and conserving soil moisture and improving the crop fertility conditions. It is an effective measure to realize the early maturing, high quality, high yield and high economic benefit. However, with the expansion of plastic mulching planting area, the plastic film had a serious impact on the root growth, emergence and yield of crops. The mechanized film recycling is an effective means to solve the problem of residual film pollution. There are many ways of recycling equipment, but from the actual use of view, there are some problems. Aiming at the problems of low film recycling rate and high impurity rate, the idea of putting spading film and picking film together was proposed, and a combined type (synchronous spading and picking up) residual film collector device was designed. By analyzing the mechanism of spade film formation, the parametric equation and the main structural parameters of spalling surface were established. Through the analysis of movement and force of pick-up roller, the necessary conditions for the tine to “tie” the residual film were determined. Design-Export 8.0.6 was used to test the key parameters of the combined residual film pick-up device. The ternary quadratic regression model was established, which included penetrating angle of film releasing shovels, rotational speed of picking roller, forward speed of machine, and film recycling rate and impurity rate. The nonlinear optimization method was used to optimize the influence factors. The results showed that the film recycling rate was 90.3% and the impurity rate was 4.1% when the angle of film releasing shovels was 30°, the rotational speed of picking roller was 120r/min, and the forward speed was 1.0m/s. The film recycling rate was increased by 5.3 percentage points and the impurity rate was decreased by 4.8 percentage points, compared with the spade and tine step by step. Test indicators reached the national and industry standards, and the test results met the design requirements.

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由佳翰,張本華,溫浩軍,康建明,宋玉秋,陳學庚.鏟齒組合式殘膜撿拾裝置設計與試驗優(yōu)化[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2017,48(11):97-104. YOU Jiahan, ZHANG Benhua, WEN Haojun, KANG Jianming, SONG Yuqiu, CHEN Xuegeng. Design and Test Optimization on Spade and Tine Combined Residual Plastic Film Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):97-104.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-02-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-11-10
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