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華北典型區(qū)冬小麥區(qū)域耗水模擬與灌溉制度優(yōu)化
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中國(guó)水利水電科學(xué)研究院基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(節(jié)基本科研KY1740)、水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201501016,、201501017)和流域水循環(huán)模擬與調(diào)控國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主研究項(xiàng)目(2016TS06)


Simulation for Regional Water Consumption and Optimization of Irrigation Schedule for Winter Wheat in North China
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    摘要:

    以經(jīng)校驗(yàn)Aquacrop模型模擬了不同土壤條件下冬小麥水分與產(chǎn)量響應(yīng)關(guān)系,,結(jié)合北京大興區(qū)土壤分布及其冬小麥實(shí)際種植情況,對(duì)模型模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行區(qū)域尺度拓展,,以此為基礎(chǔ)分析了研究區(qū)不同灌溉制度下冬小麥耗水量,、產(chǎn)量及水分生產(chǎn)率的變化規(guī)律,并推薦了與華北地區(qū)水資源實(shí)際情況相適宜的冬小麥虧缺灌溉制度,。結(jié)果表明:應(yīng)用Aquacrop模型能較好模擬冬小麥生育期內(nèi)土壤墑情和冠層覆蓋度的動(dòng)態(tài)變化過程及其生物量與產(chǎn)量情況,,可利用經(jīng)校驗(yàn)后的模型進(jìn)行冬小麥水分與產(chǎn)量響應(yīng)關(guān)系研究。灌溉定額在300mm范圍內(nèi),,隨著灌溉量增加,,耗水量增大;在灌水次數(shù)相同條件下,,灌溉日期不同,,因蒸騰量變化導(dǎo)致耗水量差異顯著。在相同處理下總體上降水多年份產(chǎn)量較高,,而不同處理之間隨著灌溉量增加產(chǎn)量增大,;在灌水次數(shù)相同情況下,灌溉關(guān)鍵生育時(shí)段選擇對(duì)冬小麥產(chǎn)量形成及水分生產(chǎn)率提高至關(guān)重要,。以冬小麥增產(chǎn)提效為原則,,在灌1水情況下重點(diǎn)保障拔節(jié)-抽穗階段的需水,;灌2水情況下重點(diǎn)保障返青-拔節(jié)、抽穗-乳熟階段需水,;灌3水情況下重點(diǎn)保障返青-拔節(jié),、拔節(jié)-抽穗、抽穗-乳熟階段需水,。針對(duì)華北水資源嚴(yán)重短缺實(shí)際,,建議北京大興區(qū)冬小麥采用灌2水的虧缺灌溉制度,較灌4水情況下的灌溉量與耗水量分別減少140,、65mm,,能確保75%產(chǎn)量??梢?,在與華北類似的資源性缺水區(qū)域,選擇適宜虧缺灌溉制度,,能大幅降低區(qū)域灌溉量與耗水量,,在穩(wěn)定區(qū)域冬小麥產(chǎn)量及涵養(yǎng)地下水源方面具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

    Abstract:

    The relationship between grain yield response of winter wheat and soil water under different soils was simulated based on the calibrated Aquacrop model, and the expansion at regional scale was conducted to the results from the model simulation, combined with the soil distribution and the actual planting of winter wheat in Daxing District, Beijing, on the basis of which the variations of the water consumption, the yield and the water productivity of winter wheat under different irrigation schedules were analyzed, and the deficit irrigation schedule for winter wheat that was suitable for the actual situation of the water resources in North China was recommended. The results showed that the application of Aquacrop model can better simulate the dynamic changeable process of the soil moisture and the canopy coverage during the growth period of winter wheat as well as the biomass and the yield, and the calibrated model can be used to study the relationship between grain yield response of winter wheat and soil water. When the irrigation quota was within the range of 300mm, the water consumption was increased with the increase of irrigation amount;under the condition of the same number of irrigation times, the difference of the water consumption was significant due to the variation of the transpiration amount since the irrigation date was different. Under the same treated conditions, the yield was higher in the years with excessive precipitation on the whole, while the yield was increased with the increase of irrigation amount under different treated conditions;with the same irrigation times, the selection of irrigation date for key growing stage was essential to the yield formation of the winter wheat and the increase of water productivity. Based on the principle of production-increasing and efficiency-improving of the winter wheat, in the case of the irrigation for one time, the key guarantee should be on the water demand for the jointing-heading-stage;in the case of the irrigation for two times, the key guarantee should be on the water demand for the returning-green-jointing stage and heading-milky-ripe-stage;in the case of the irrigation for three times, the key guarantee should be on the water demand for the returning-green-jointing stage, the jointing-heading-stage and the heading-milky-ripe-stage. Aiming at the actual situation of the serious shortage of water resources in North China, it was recommended that the deficit irrigation schedule with two times of irrigation should be adopted for the winter wheat in Daxing District, Beijing, which can reduce the irrigation quantity and water consumption respectively by 140mm and 65mm to ensure 75% of the yield, compared with the condition of the irrigation for four times. Thus it can be seen that the selection of proper deficit irrigation schedule can greatly reduce the regional irrigation amount and water consumption in the areas of shortage of water resource similar to North China, which had important practical significance in stabilizing the yield of winter wheat and conserving water sources in the region.

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彭致功,張寶忠,劉鈺,蔡甲冰,王蕾,杜麗娟.華北典型區(qū)冬小麥區(qū)域耗水模擬與灌溉制度優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(11):238-246. PENG Zhigong, ZHANG Baozhong, LIU Yu, CAI Jiabing, WANG Lei, DU Lijuan. Simulation for Regional Water Consumption and Optimization of Irrigation Schedule for Winter Wheat in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):238-246.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-11-10
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