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稻油輪作區(qū)驅(qū)動圓盤犁對置組合式耕整機設(shè)計與試驗
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201503118-06)、農(nóng)業(yè)部科研杰出人才及創(chuàng)新團隊項目,、湖北省技術(shù)創(chuàng)新專項重大項目(2016ABA094),、國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(CARS-12)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費專項(2662017PY006)


Design and Experiment on Symmetrical Driven Disc Plows Combined Tillage Machine for Rice-Rapeseed Rotation Area
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    摘要:

    針對長江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)油菜種植時土壤黏重板結(jié),、秸稈量大,、播種作業(yè)需同步開畦溝的農(nóng)藝要求,,考慮傳統(tǒng)耕整作業(yè)耕層淺,、功耗大的不足,依據(jù)驅(qū)動圓盤犁組與傳統(tǒng)鏵式犁相比,,不易纏草堵塞,、通過性好,、牽引阻力小的特征,,設(shè)計了用于油菜播種的驅(qū)動圓盤犁對置組合式耕整機。提出了主動式對置犁耕與被動式開畦溝,、碎土,、平整相結(jié)合的聯(lián)合耕整作業(yè)方案,分析了對稱布置的圓盤犁組的動力學和運動學特性,,確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)和工作參數(shù),。根據(jù)犁體曲面成形原理,設(shè)計了開畦溝前犁犁體曲面;依據(jù)組合式船型開溝器與土壤擠壓互作機制的分析,,確定了開畦溝區(qū)域?qū)挾葹?50mm時,,開畦溝系統(tǒng)作業(yè)后可有效保證畦溝和種床廂面質(zhì)量。耕深穩(wěn)定性試驗表明,,整機作業(yè)實際耕深與限深深度基本一致,,耕深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)均在90%以上。廂面質(zhì)量試驗表明,,開畦溝系統(tǒng)在中間開畦溝區(qū)域能開出溝寬241.6~293.5mm,,溝深328.6~370.8mm的梯形溝。經(jīng)組合式船型開溝器擠壓的土壤對犁溝的實際填埋率高于87.67%,,碎土輥作業(yè)后廂面平整度為22.45~26.70mm,,碎土率為60.14%~68.37%。正交試驗結(jié)果表明,,整機較優(yōu)工作參數(shù)為:限深深度為180mm,,機組前進速度為3.5km/h,圓盤犁組轉(zhuǎn)速為160r/min,,此時整機功耗為24.37kW,,相比傳統(tǒng)旋耕方式的油菜播種種床整備機具的功耗降低了37.67%,秸稈埋覆率為92.78%,,碎土率為66.74%,,廂面平整度為24.18mm,土壤對犁溝平均填埋率為92.3%,滿足油菜播種的農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    Considering the soil of in mid-lower Yangtze River is sticky and the amount of straw is large, the furrow should be ditched while rapeseed is planting, which leads the power consumption of traditional tillage is large. Compared with the traditional plow, driven disc plows are not easy to be blocked and traction resistance is small. The design of symmetrical type driven disc plows combined tillage machine for rice-rapeseed rotation area was carried out. According to dynamics and kinematic analysis of driven type disc plows, its main structure and technical parameters were analyzed and determined. Based on the principle of plow forming and soil extrusion, the surface of front ditch plow was designed, and it was determined that when the width of ditching area was 350mm, the quality of furrow and seedbed can be ensured. The tillage depth stability experiments results indicated that actual working depth of the machine was consistent with the control depth, and tillage stability coefficients were more than 90%. The seedbed quality experiments results showed that the depth and width of furrows which was ditched by ditching system were 241.6~293.5mm and 328.6~370.8mm, respectively. The soil squeezed by combined ship type opener can effectively filled the furrows which was formed by driven disc plows, the actual landfill rate of furrows was more than 87.67%. The seedbed roughness was 22.45~26.70mm,,soil crushing rate was 60.14%~68.37%. The orthogonal test indicated that the optimum operation condition was the tillage depth was 180mm, the speed of machine was 3.5km/h, and operating speed of driven disc plows was 160r/min. Under this condition, the power consumption was 24.37kW, straw coverage rate was 92.78%, soil crushing rate was 66.74%, seedbed roughness was 24.18mm, and landfill rate was 92.3%. The experiment results showed that the quality of symmetrical type driven disc plows combined tillage machine satisfied the actual production requirements of rapeseed planting. The research conclusion had great theoretical value and practical significance to the design of machine which worked for planting rapeseed.

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劉曉鵬,張青松,肖文立,馬磊,劉立超,廖慶喜.稻油輪作區(qū)驅(qū)動圓盤犁對置組合式耕整機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2017,48(12):33-41. LIU Xiaopeng, ZHANG Qingsong, XIAO Wenli, MA Lei, LIU Lichao, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Experiment on Symmetrical Driven Disc Plows Combined Tillage Machine for Rice-Rapeseed Rotation Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):33-41.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-12-10
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