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氣吸滾筒陣列式棉花精密排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51265045),、石河子大學(xué)高層次人才科研啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目(RCZX201308)和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)研究生科研創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(XJGRI2016048)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Cylinder Array Precision Seed-metering Device for Cotton
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)氣吸式棉花精密排種器輸氣管路結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,、能耗大以及排種單體只能實(shí)現(xiàn)單行播種等問(wèn)題,,采用陣列吸孔吸種,、側(cè)向氣吹清種等方式,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種氣吸滾筒陣列式棉花精密排種器,,確定了該排種器關(guān)鍵零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),,建立了充種過(guò)程的力學(xué)模型,。以棉花種子為播種對(duì)象,,以滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速,、吸孔直徑、氣室負(fù)壓為影響因子,,以合格指數(shù),、漏播指數(shù)和重播指數(shù)為排種性能指標(biāo),進(jìn)行二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗(yàn),,建立各影響因子與排種性能指標(biāo)之間的回歸模型,,分析了各因子對(duì)排種性能的影響規(guī)律。采用多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法,,確定最佳參數(shù)組合:滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速為15.5r/min,,吸孔直徑為3.5mm,氣室負(fù)壓為4.2kPa,,此時(shí)排種器的合格指數(shù)為93.5%,、漏播指數(shù)為2.0%、重播指數(shù)為4.5%,。經(jīng)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本一致,滿(mǎn)足棉花精密播種的要求,。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了排種適應(yīng)性試驗(yàn),,試驗(yàn)對(duì)象為幾何特性存在一定差異的新陸早48號(hào)、新陸早52號(hào),、新陸早60號(hào)3種棉花種子,,結(jié)果表明:合格指數(shù)均大于92%,漏播指數(shù)均小于3%,,重播指數(shù)均小于5%,,說(shuō)明該排種器對(duì)不同品種的棉花種子具有一定的排種適應(yīng)性。

    Abstract:

    Xinjiang is the largest production base of quality cotton and commodity cotton in China. Sowing is one of the most important links which affects the development of cotton industry. In order to improve the precision and efficiency of seed-metering device for cotton, a pneumatic cylinder array precision metering device for cotton was designed, which combined the features of array suction and pneumatic clearing with side direction. The working principle and component of precision seeder were introduced, the key structure parameters were determined, and the mechanical model of single cotton seed during the air-suction filling process was established. In test, cotton seed Xinluzao 48 was selected as experimental material. Based on pre-experiments, the cylinder speed, hole diameter and vacuum pressure were taken as main impact factors, the quality of feed index, miss index and multiple index were taken as response indices, and the second orthogonal rotation combination test was executed, which used the Design-Expert software. The regression models were established, and effects of various factors on the performance indices were analyzed. The research gained the best combination of the parameters by using multi-objective optimization, which was as follows: the cylinder speed was 15.5r/min, the hole diameter was 3.5mm, and vacuum pressure was 4.2kPa. Under the condition of the optimal combination parameters, the quality of feed index, miss index and multiple index were 93.5%, 2.0% and 4.5%, respectively. According to optimization parameter combination, the verification test was repeated five times, the results showed that the experimental results were basically consistent with the optimization results, and the sowing quality satisfied the requirements of precision sowing for cotton. The sowing adaptability experiment was carried out under the same conditions with three cotton seeds (Xinluzao 48, Xinluzao 52 and Xinluzao 60), whose overall dimension existed some differences from each other. All the qualities of feed index were more than 92%, all the miss indices were less than 3%, and all the multiple indices were less than 5%, indicating that when planting different cotton seeds, the precision seeder had certain adaptability to different varieties of cotton seeds. The study provided a theoretical reference for the design of pneumatic cylinder precision seed-metering device for cotton.

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倪向東,徐國(guó)杰,王琦,彭曉睿,王劍,胡斌.氣吸滾筒陣列式棉花精密排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(12):58-67. NI Xiangdong, XU Guojie, WANG Qi, PENG Xiaorui, WANG Jian, HU Bin. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Cylinder Array Precision Seed-metering Device for Cotton[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):58-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-20
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2017-12-10
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